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DC1-14
Chapter 14 - Enterprise Computing
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| Technique used by engineers that allows them to interact with a product without the need to build a prototype. | 3-D visualization |
| The application of human intelligence to computers. | artificial intelligence (AI) |
| Measure of how often hardware is online. | availability |
| Component of a disaster recovery plan that specifies how a company uses backup files and equipment to resume information processing. | backup plan |
| Processing technique in which the computer collects data over time and processes all transactions later, as a group. | batch processing |
| Single card in a blade server. | blade |
| Complete computer server, such as a Web server or network server, packed on a single card. See also ultradense servers. | blade server |
| Component in which blades in a blade server are held. | blade server chassis |
| Several types of applications and technologies for acquiring, storing, analyzing, and providing access to information to help users make more sound business decisions. | business intelligence (BI) |
| Automation that provides easy exchange of information among business applications, reduces the need for human intervention in processes, and utilizes software to automate processes wherever possible. | business process automation (BPA) |
| Set of activities that enterprises perform to optimize their business processes, such as accounting and finance, hiring employees, and purchasing goods and services. | business process management (BPM) |
| Approach to information technology in which a company maintains central computers supported by a central information technology department. | centralized |
| IT executive position that reports to the CEO. | chief information officer (CIO) |
| Collection of every action that users make as they move through a Web site. | click stream |
| Term used to describe information systems that are more difficult to interoperate with other information systems. See also proprietary. | closed |
| Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users. | cloud computing |
| Separate facility that mirrors a critical site, but does not become operational until the critical site becomes unavailable. | cold site |
| Software that aids in engineering, drafting, and design. | computer-aided design (CAD) |
| Use of computers to test product designs. | computer-aided engineering (CAE) |
| Use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes such as fabrication and assembly. | computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) |
| Use of computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process. | computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) |
| An information system that is a combination of databases, software, and procedures that organizes and allows access to various forms of documents and other files, including images and multimedia content. | content management system (CMS) |
| Management activity that involves measuring performance and, if necessary, taking corrective action. | controlling |
| Activities that relate to the main mission of a company. | core activities |
| Software that manages the day-to-day interactions with customers, such as telephone calls, e-mail interactions, Web interactions, and instant messaging sessions. | customer interaction management (CIM) |
| System that manages information about customers, interactions with customers, past purchases, and interest. | customer relationship management (CRM) |
| Centralized location for managing and housing hardware and software. | data center |
| Term used to refer to the function of computerized transaction processing systems. | data processing |
| Huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions. | data warehouse |
| Approach to information technology in which departments and divisions maintain their own information systems. | decentralized |
| Information system that helps users analyze data and make decisions. | decision support system (DSS) |
| Report generated by a management information system that lists just transactions. | detailed report |
| Written plan describing the steps a company would take to restore computer operations in the event of a disaster. Contains four major components: emergency plan, backup plan, recovery plan, and test plan. | disaster recovery plan |
| Provides forecasting for inventory control, manages and tracks shipping of products, and provides information and analysis on inventory in warehouses. | distribution systems |
| System that allows for storage and management of a company’s documents, such as word processing documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. | document management system (DMS) |
| Any time a computer crashes, needs repairs, or requires installation of replacement or upgrade parts. | downtime |
| Business transaction that occurs when retailers use the Web to sell their products and services. See also e-tail. | e-retail |
| Business transaction that occurs when retailers use the Web to sell their products and services. See also e-retail. | e-tail |
| Set of standards that controls the transfer of business data and information among computers both within and among enterprises. | EDI (electronic data interchange) |
| Component of a disaster recovery plan that specifies the steps to be taken immediately after a disaster strikes. | emergency plan |
| Information system that automates and manages much of the communications between the employees and the business. | employee relationship management (ERM) system |
| Business trend of providing nonmanagement users with access to information necessary to make decisions that previously were made by managers. | empowering |
| Term that commonly describes a business or venture of any size. | enterprise |
| The use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architectures. | enterprise computing |
| Devices geared for heavy use, maximum availability, and maximum efficiency that large organizations use to manage and store information and data. | enterprise hardware |
| Information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization. | enterprise information |
| Provides centralized, integrated software to help manage and coordinate the ongoing activities of the enterprise. | enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
| Technology that allows users to perform searches across many enterprise-wide information systems and databases. | enterprise search |
| Strategy that focuses on the availability, protection, organization, and backup of storage in a company. | enterprise storage system |
| General purpose information systems in an enterprise that crosses the boundaries of functional units and is used by one or more functional units in an enterprise. | enterprise-wide system |
| Out-of-the-ordinary conditions that define the normal activity or status range in an exception report. | exception criteria |
| Report generated by a management information system that identifies data outside of a normal condition. | exception report |
| A special type of decision support system that supports the strategic information needs of executive management. | executive information system (EIS) |
| The highest management positions in a company, which focuses on the long-range direction of the company. | executive management |
| Information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making. | expert system |
| Source of data obtained from outside an enterprise, which might include interest rates, trends, or raw material pricing. | external sources |
| Portion of a company’s network that allows customers or suppliers of a company to access parts of an enterprise’s intranet. | extranet |
| Process of one system automatically taking the place of a failed system. | failover |
| Technology used to connect to storage systems at data rates up to 4 Gbps. | Fibre Channel |
| Individual operating entities in an enterprise. | functional units |
| Technology that combines many servers and/or personal computers on a network to act as one large computer. | grid computing |
| System that continues running and performing tasks for at least 99 percent of the time. | high-availability system |
| Separate facility that mirrors the systems and operations of a critical site. | hot site |
| Feature that allows components to be replaced while the rest of the system continues to perform its tasks. | hot-swapping |
| Information system that manages one or more human resources function(s). | human resources information system (HRIS) |
| Arranging content so that it later can be searched. | indexes |
| Component of an expert system that contains a set of logical judgments that are applied to the knowledge base each time a user describes a situation to the expert system. | inference rules |
| Overall technology strategy of a company. | information architecture |
| Hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that a computer requires to generate information. | information system |
| Source of data obtained from inside an enterprise, which might include sales order, inventory records, or financial data from accounting and financial analyses. | internal sources |
| Storage of data, information, and instructions on the Web. | Internet backup |
| Sharing information with other information systems within an enterprise. | interoperability |
| Component of an expert system that contains the combined subject knowledge and experiences of human experts. | knowledge base |
| The process by which an enterprise collects, archives, indexes, and retrieves its knowledge, or resources. | knowledge management (KM) |
| Software that assists in the task of knowledge management and captures the expertise of knowledge workers, so that their knowledge is not lost when they leave the company. | knowledge management software (KMS) |
| Individuals whose jobs center on the collection, processing, and application of information. | knowledge workers |
| Management activity, sometimes referred to as directing, that involves communicating instructions and authorizing others to perform the necessary work. | leading |
| Information system that has existed within an organization for an extended length of time and is relied upon heavily. | legacy system |
| RAID storage design that writes data on two disks at the same time to duplicate the data. See also mirroring. | level 1 |
| Information system that generates accurate, timely, and organized information, so that managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress. | management information system (MIS) |
| Employees responsible for coordinating and controlling an organization’s resources. | managers |
| Extension of MRP that includes software that helps in scheduling, tracking production in real time, and monitoring product quality. | Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) |
| Type of marketing information system that stores and analyzes data gathered from demographics and surveys. | market research system |
| Information system that serves as a central repository for the tasks of the marketing functional unit. | marketing information system |
| Approach to information management in a manufacturing environment that uses software to help monitor and control processes related to production. | Material Requirements Planning (MRP) |
| Detailed data in a data dictionary about the data in a database. | metadata |
| Level of management responsible for implementing the strategic decision of executive management. | middle management |
| RAID storage design that writes data on two disks at the same time to duplicate the data. See also level 1. | mirroring |
| Server that is placed on a network with the sole purpose of providing storage to users and information systems attached to the network. | network attached storage (NAS) |
| Production, clerical, and other personnel. | nonmanagement employees |
| Information system that enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices, instead of manually. See also office information system (OIS). | office automation |
| Information system that enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices, instead of manually. See also office automation. | office information system (OIS) |
| Term used to refer to programs, such as those in a decision support system, that analyze data. | online analytical processing (OLAP) |
| E-commerce activity that allows users to pay bills from their computer or mobile device, that is, transfer money electronically from their account to a payee's account. | online banking |
| E-commerce activity that allows users to invest in stocks, options, bonds, treasuries, certificates of deposit, money markets, annuities, and mutual funds -- without using a broker. | online trading |
| Processing technique in which the computer processes each transaction as it is entered. | online transaction processing (OLTP) |
| Term used to describe information systems that more easily share information with other information systems. | open |
| Decision that involves day-to-day activities within a company. | operational decision |
| Level of management that supervises the production, clerical, and other nonmanagement employees of a company. | operational management |
| Core activities of a business involving the creation, selling, and support of the products and services that the company produces. | operations |
| Server that holds hundreds of optical discs that can contain programs and data. See also optical disc server. | optical disc jukebox |
| Server that holds hundreds of optical discs that can contain programs and data. See also optical disc jukebox. | optical disc server |
| Management activity that includes identifying and combining resources, such as money and people, so that the company can reach its goals and objectives. | organizing |
| Practice of offloading storage management to an outside organization or online Web service. | outsourcing |
| Server configuration that works much like a blade server. | personal computer blade |
| Customization of portal pages to meet users’ needs. | personalization |
| Management activity that involves establishing goals and objectives. | planning |
| Web site that offers a variety of Internet services from a single, convenient location. | portal |
| Instruction or set of instructions a user follows to accomplish an activity. | procedure |
| Term used to describe information systems that are more difficult to interoperate with other information systems. See also closed. | proprietary |
| Software that uses statistical analysis to identify and predict product defects and problems with the company's processes. | quality control software |
| System used by an organization to maintain or improve the quality of its products or services. | quality control system |
| Redundant array of independent disks; group of two or more integrated hard disks that acts like a single large hard disk. | RAID (redundant array of independent disks) |
| Agreement with another firm, where one firm provides space and sometimes equipment to the other in case of a disaster. | reciprocal backup relationship |
| Component of a disaster recovery plan that specifies the actions to be taken to restore full information processing operations. | recovery plan |
| Components used so that a functioning computer can take over automatically the tasks of a similar component that fails. | redundant components |
| A DBMS element that contains data about each file in a database and each field in those files. See also data dictionary. | repository |
| Software that equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productive. | sales force automation (SFA) |
| Measure of how well computer hardware, software, or an information system can grow to meeting increasing performance demands. | scalability |
| Software that enables an IT department to limit access to sensitive information. | security software |
| Capability to logically divide a physical server into many virtual servers. | server virtualization |
| Architecture that enterprises use so that information systems provide services to other information systems in a well-defined manner over a network. | service-oriented architecture (SOA) |
| Business that is smaller in size than an enterprise and typically does not have an international presence. | small- and medium-sized business (SMB) |
| Network attached storage server. | storage appliance |
| High-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other servers to which it is attached. | storage area network (SAN) |
| Capability to create a single logical storage device from many physical storage devices. | storage virtualization |
| Decisions that center on a company’s overall goals and objectives. | strategic decisions |
| RAID storage technique that splits data, instructions, and information across multiple disks in the array. | striping |
| Report generated by a management information system that consolidates data usually with totals, tables, or graphs, so that managers can review it quickly and easily. | summary report |
| Activities relating to running a business. | supporting activities |
| Short-range decisions that apply specific programs and plans necessary to meet stated objectives. | tactical decisions |
| Separate cabinet for larger computers in which tape cartridges are mounted. | tape library |
| Employee who guides design, development, and maintenance tasks; serves as interface between programmer/developer and management. | technical lead |
| Component of a disaster recovery plan that contains information for simulating various levels of disasters and recording an organization’s ability to recover. | test plan |
| Small terminal-like computer that mostly relies on a server for data storage and processing. | thin client |
| Individual business activity. | transaction |
| Information system that captures and processes data from day-to-day business activities. | transaction processing system (TPS) |
| Complete computer server, such as a Web server or network server, packed on a single card. See also blade servers. | ultradense server |
| Measurement of availability. | uptime |
| Network that provides a mobile user with a secure connection to a company network server, as if the user has a private line. | virtual private network (VPN) |
| Practice of sharing or pooling computing resources, such as servers and storage devices. | virtualization |
| Secure connection created over the Internet between the user’s computer and the company’s network. | VPN tunnel |
| Process of collecting data from the Internet as a source for a data warehouse. | Web farming |
| Set of software technologies that allows businesses to create products and B2B (business-to-business) interactions over the Internet. | Web services |
| Software that collects data designed to help organizations make informed decisions regarding their Web presence. | Web site management programs |
| Defined process that identifies the specific set of steps involved in completing a particular project or business process. | workflow |
| Program that assists in the management and tracking of all the activities in a business process from start to finish. | workflow application |
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