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DC1-12
Chapter 12 - Information System Development
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| Conversion strategy where the user stops using an old system and begins using a new system on a certain date. See also direct conversion. | abrupt cutover |
| Test performed by end-users during the program development cycle that checks the new system to ensure that it works with actual data. | acceptance test |
| User or other entity such as a program represented in a use case diagram. | actor |
| Operation, support, and security phase process of including new features or capabilities in an information system. | adaptive maintenance |
| Step in the system development cycle that consists of two major activities: (1) conduct a preliminary investigation, and (2) perform detailed analysis. | analysis phase |
| Each data element in an object. See also property. | attribute |
| Test that measures the performance of hardware or software. | benchmark test |
| Skill required for project leaders so they can recognize when a change in a project has occurred, take actions to react to the change, and plan for opportunities because of the change. | change management |
| Employee responsible for physical security of an organization’s property and people; in charge of security computing resources. | chief security officer (CSO) |
| Analysis and design tool in the UML that graphically shows classes and subclasses in a system. | class diagram |
| Written summary of all the safeguards that are in place to protect an organization’s information assets. | computer security plan |
| Software tools designed to support one or more activities of the system development cycle, typically including diagrams to support both process and object modeling. | computer-aided software engineering (CASE) |
| Top level DFD that identifies only major processes. | context diagram |
| Operation, support, and security phase process of diagnosing and correcting errors in an information system. | corrective maintenance |
| Measure of whether lifetime benefits of a proposed information system will be greater than its lifetime costs. See also economic feasibility. | cost/benefit feasibility |
| Software that performs functions specific to a business or industry, developed by a user or at a user’s request. | custom software |
| Converting existing manual and computer files so that a new computer system can use them. | data conversion |
| A DBMS element that contains data about each file in a database and each field in those files. See also repository. | data dictionary |
| Element in a DFD, indicated by a line with an arrow, that shows the input or output of data or information into or out from a process. | data flow |
| Systems analysis and design tool that graphically shows the flow of data in a system. | data flow diagram |
| Rules and standards that define how a database organizes data. | data model |
| Element in a DFD, indicated by a rectangle with no sides, that is a holding place for data and information. | data store |
| Table that lists a variety of conditions and the actions that correspond to each condition. | decision table |
| Graphic representation showing a variety of conditions and the actions that correspond to each condition. | decision tree |
| Any tangible item such as a chart, diagram, report, or program file. | deliverable |
| Phase of the system development cycle that consists of two major activities: (1) if necessary, acquire hardware and software and (2) develop all of the details of the new or modified information system. | design phase |
| Activity in the system development cycle that involves three major activities: (1) study how the current system works; (2) determine the users’ wants, needs, and requirements; and (3) recommend a solution. See also logical design. | detailed analysis |
| Systems analysis and design tool that graphically shows the flow of data in a system. | DFD |
| Conversion strategy where the user stops using an old system and begins using a new system on a certain date. See also abrupt cutover. | direct conversion |
| Collection and summarization of data and information. | documentation |
| Publication available on the Web. See also electronic magazine. | e-zine |
| Measure of whether lifetime benefits of a proposed information system will be greater than its lifetime costs. See also cost/benefit feasibility. | economic feasibility |
| Publication available on the Web. See also e-zine. | electronic magazine |
| Object in a system that has data. | entity |
| Systems analysis and design tool that graphically shows the connections among entities in a system. | entity-relationship diagram |
| Systems analysis and design tool that graphically shows the connections among entities in a system. | ERD |
| Team-driven project management approach in which a project leader is more of a participant and facilitator than a manager during the project. | extreme project management |
| Measure of how suitable the development of a system will be to the company. | feasibility |
| Investigation that determines the exact nature of a problem or improvement and decides whether it is worth pursuing. See also preliminary investigation. | feasibility study |
| Lengthy, structured, group meetings in which users and IT professionals work together to design or develop an application. See also joint application design (JAD). | focus groups |
| Bar chart developed by Henry L. Gantt that uses horizontal bars to show project phases or activities. | Gantt chart |
| Packaged software that meets the needs of many different types of organizations. | horizontal market software |
| Integrated case products. Also called a CASE workbench. | I-CASE |
| Phase of the system development cycle during which the new or modified system is constructed, or built, and then delivered to the users. | implementation phase |
| Collection of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce quality information. | information system (IS) |
| Concept of lower levels inheriting methods and attributes of higher levels in a class diagram. | inheritance |
| Formal review of any system development deliverable. | inspection |
| Test performed during the program development cycle that verifies an application works with other applications. | integration test |
| Organization that provides assistance via the telephone or the Web to organizations and individuals that need help with computer security plans. | International Computer Security Association (ICSA) Labs |
| Company that provides Web hosting services that include managing shopping carts, inventory, and credit card processing. | Internet solutions provider |
| Employee, typically hired based on computer expertise, who provides computer services to his or her clients. | IT consultant |
| Lengthy, structured, group meetings in which users and IT professionals work together to design or develop an application. See also focus groups. | joint-application design (JAD) |
| Technical chart that contains programming-like notations for data items. | layout chart |
| Activity in the system development cycle that involves three major activities: (1) study how the current system works; (2) determine the users’ wants, needs, and requirements; and (3) recommend a solution. See also detailed analysis. | logical design |
| Procedure in an object that contains the activities that read or manipulate the data. See also operation. | method |
| Sample of the input or output that contains actual data. | mockup |
| Systems analyst who acts as leader during a JAD session. | moderator |
| Database item that contains data, as well as the actions that read or process the data. | object |
| Analysis and design technique that combines data with the processes that act on that data into a single unit, called an object. See also object-oriented (OO) analysis and design. | object modeling |
| Analysis and design technique that combines data with the processes that act on that data into a single unit, called an object. See also object modeling. | object-oriented (OO) analysis and design |
| Procedure in an object that contains the activities that read or manipulate the data. See also method. | operation |
| Phase of the system development cycle that consists of three major activities: (1) perform maintenance activities, (2) monitor system performance, and (3) assess system security. | operation, support, and security phase |
| Measure of how well a proposed information system will work. | operational feasibility |
| Having a source outside a company develop software for the company. Some companies outsource just the software development aspect of their IT operation, while others outsource more or all of their IT operation. | outsource |
| Mass-produced, copyrighted, prewritten software available for purchase. | packaged software |
| Conversion strategy where the old system runs alongside the new system for a specified time. | parallel conversion |
| Operation, support, and security phase process of making an information system more efficient and reliable. | perfective maintenance |
| Operation, support, and security phase activity that determines whether a system is inefficient or unstable at any point. | performance monitoring |
| Program Evaluation and Review Technique chart; systems analysis and design tool developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to analyze the time required to complete a task and identify the minimum time required for an entire project. | PERT chart |
| Conversion strategy used by larger systems with multiple sites where each location converts at a separate time. | phased conversion |
| Categories into which system development activities are grouped: (1) planning phase, (2) analysis phase, (3) design phase, (4) implementation phase, and (5) support phase. | phases |
| Detailed design that specifies hardware and software – the physical components required – for automated procedures. See also detailed design. | physical design |
| Conversion strategy where only one location in an organization uses a new system – so that it can be tested. | pilot conversion |
| Step in the system development cycle that begins when a steering committee receives a project request. | planning phase |
| Operation, support, and security phase activity that involves holding a meeting to discover whether an information system is performing according to users’ expectations. | post-implementation system review |
| Investigation that determines the exact nature of a problem or improvement and decides whether it is worth pursuing. See also feasibility study. | preliminary investigation |
| Element in a DFD, indicated by a circle, that transforms an input data flow into an output data flow. | process |
| Analysis and design technique that describes processes that transform inputs into outputs. See also structured analysis and design. | process modeling |
| Part of the implementation phase of the system development cycle that follows six steps: (1) analyze the requirements, (2) design the solution, (3) validate the design, (4) implement the design, (5) test the solution, and (6) document the solution. | program development life cycle |
| Item prepared during program design that identifies the required programs and the relationship among each program, as well as the input, output, and database specifications. | program specification package |
| Record that contains all the documentation and deliverables of a project. See also repository. | project dictionary |
| Member of a project team who manages and controls the budget and schedule of the project. | project leader |
| Process of planning, scheduling, and then controlling the activities during the system development cycle. | project management |
| Software that assists in the planning, scheduling, and controlling of development projects. | project management software |
| Member of a project team who controls the activities during system development. | project manager |
| Record that contains all documentation for a single project. | project notebook |
| Record of project elements, including goal, objectives, and expectations of the project; required activities; time estimates for each activity; cost estimates for each activity; order of activities; and activities that can take place at the same time. | project plan |
| Written, formal request for a new or modified system. See also request for system services. | project request |
| Group of people that consists of users, the systems analyst, and other IT professionals. | project team |
| Working model of a proposed system. See also prototype. | proof of concept |
| Each data element in an object. See also attribute. | property |
| Working model of a proposed system. See also proof of concept. | prototype |
| Popular methodology that uses the UML. | Rational Unified Process (RUP) |
| A DBMS element that contains data about each file in a database and each field in those files. See also data dictionary. | repository |
| Less formal document sent to a vendor during the system development cycle that uses a standard form to request information about a product or service. | request for information (RFI) |
| Document sent to a vendor during the system development cycle where the vendor selects the product(s) that meets specified requirements and then quotes the price(s). | request for proposal (RFP) |
| Document sent to a vendor during the system development cycle that identifies required products. | request for quotation (RFQ) |
| Written, formal request for a new or modified system. See also project request. | request for system services |
| Measure of whether established deadlines for a project are reasonable. | schedule feasibility |
| The goal, required activities, time estimates for each activity, cost estimates for each activity, order of activities, and activities that can take place at the same time during system development. | scope |
| Problem that occurs when one activity has led to another that was not originally planned, thereby causing the project to grow. | scope creep |
| System development team member who records facts and action items assigned during a JAD session. | scribe |
| Element in a DFD, indicated by a square, that identifies an entity outside the scope of a system. | source |
| Sets of rules and procedures a company expects employees to accept and follow. | standards |
| Decision-making body in a company. | steering committee |
| Analysis and design technique that describes processes that transform inputs into outputs. See also process modeling | structured analysis and design |
| Style of writing that describes the steps in a process; used to enter items in a project dictionary. | structured English |
| Lower levels in a class diagram that inherit the methods and attributes of the objects in its higher-level class. | subclasses |
| Set of components that interact to achieve a common goal. | system |
| Person responsible for designing and developing an information system. See also Systems analyst. | system developer |
| Set of activities used to build an information system, including planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support. | system development |
| Collection of phases in system development. | system development life cycle (SDLC) |
| Document that assesses the feasibility of each alternative solution and then recommends the most feasible solution for a project. | system proposal |
| Person responsible for designing and developing an information system. See also system developer. | systems analyst |
| Person responsible for designing and developing an information system. See also systems analyst. | systems developer |
| Test performed during the program development cycle that verifies all programs in an application work together properly. | systems test |
| Measure of whether an organization has or can obtain the hardware, software, and people needed to deliver and then support a proposed information system. | technical feasibility |
| Magazine written for a specific business or industry. | trade publication |
| Showing users exactly how they will use new hardware and software in a system. | training |
| Complete systems offered by value-added resellers. | turnkey solution |
| Unified Modeling Language; graphical tool that enables systems analysts to document a system, which has been adopted as a standard notation for object modeling and development. | UML |
| Graphical tool that enables systems analysts to document a system, which has been adopted as a standard notation for object modeling and development. | Unified Modeling Language |
| Test performed during the program development cycle that verifies each individual program or object works by itself. | unit test |
| UML tool that graphically shows how actors interact with the information system. | use case |
| Analysis and design tool in the UML that graphically shows how actors interact with the information system. | use case diagram |
| Anyone for whom the system is being built. | users |
| Company that purchases products from manufacturers and then resells these products to the public – offering additional services with the product. | value-added reseller (VAR) |
| Packaged software specifically designed for a particular business or industry. | vertical market software |
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