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DC1-8
Chapter 8 - Operating Systems and Utility Programs
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| Computer account held by computer and network administrators that enables them to access all files and programs on the computer or network, install programs, and specify settings that affect all users on a computer or network. | administrator account |
| Program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services. | adware |
| Program that detects and deletes adware from a user's computer. | adware remover |
| Windows 7 feature that works with the mouse to flip through open windows arranged in a stack. | Aero Flip 3-D |
| Program that attempts to remove spam before it reaches a user’s inbox. | anti-spam program |
| Program that protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files. | antivirus program |
| Operating system feature that automatically provides updates to a program. | automatic update |
| To make a copy of selected files or an entire hard disk to another storage medium. | back up |
| Programs that are running, but not in use. | background |
| Utility program that allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or an entire hard disk to another storage medium, such as another hard disk, optical disc, USB flash drive, or tape. | backup utility |
| Firmware that contains the computer’s startup instructions. | basic input/output system |
| Basic input/output system; firmware that contains the computer’s startup instructions. | BIOS |
| Operating system that runs on handheld devices supplied by RIM (Research In Motion). | BlackBerry |
| Special disk that contains a few system files capable of starting a computer, which is used when the computer cannot boot from its hard disk. See also recovery disk. | boot disk |
| Drive from which a personal computer boots (starts). | boot drive |
| Process of starting or restarting a computer. | booting |
| Segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device. | buffer |
| Program errors. | bugs |
| Term used to refer to some stand-alone operating systems that also work in conjunction with a server operating system. | client operating systems |
| Process of turning on a computer that has been powered off completely. | cold boot |
| The set of commands entered into a computer with a command-line interface. | command language |
| Type of user interface in which a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard (such as function keys or key combinations) to enter data and instructions. | command-line interface |
| To shrink the size of a file. | compress |
| Program that runs the same on multiple operating systems. | cross-platform |
| Reorganizing a disk so that the files are stored in contiguous sectors, thus speeding up disk access and the performance of the entire computer. | defragmenting |
| Windows 7 feature that allows users to display a variety of gadgets on the Windows desktop. | Desktop Gadget Gallery |
| Small program that tells an operating system how to communicate with a specific device. See also driver. | device driver |
| Program that runs only on a specific type or make of computer. | device-dependent |
| Operating systems that run on computers provided by a variety of manufacturers. | device-independent |
| Utility program that writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to a recordable or rewritable CD, DVD, or Blu-ray Disc. | disc burning software |
| Utility that searches for and removes unnecessary files. | disk cleanup |
| Utility that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster. | disk defragmenter |
| Windows Vista feature that helps users locate documents by showing thumbnails that preview documents' content and allowing users to adjust thumbnail size to view document without opening it. | Documents Explorer |
| Small program that tells an operating system how to communicate with a specific device. See also device driver. | driver |
| Scaled-down Linux operating system designed for smart phones, PDAs, portable media players, Internet telephones, and many other types of devices and computers requiring an embedded operating system. | embedded Linux |
| The operating system that resides on a ROM chip inside most PDAs and small devices. | embedded operating system |
| The process of encoding data and information to an unreadable form. | encryption |
| Windows file manager that includes the Documents Explorer, Pictures Explorer, and Music Explorer. | Explorers |
| Computer that has duplicate components so that it can continue to operate when one of its main components fail. | fault-tolerant computer |
| Utility program that shrinks the size of a file(s), so that the file takes up less storage space than the original file. | file compression utility |
| Utility that performs functions related to file management. | file manager |
| Windows Vista feature that works with the mouse to flip through open windows arranged in a stack. | Flip 3D |
| Specific named location on a storage medium that contains related documents. | folder |
| Program with which the user currently is interacting. | foreground |
| State of a file whose contents are scattered across two or more noncontiguous sectors of a disk. | fragmented |
| Mini-program with limited functionality that connects to another program or provides information. See also widget. | gadget |
| The permanent etching of images on a monitor’s screen. | ghosting |
| Operating system designed by Google for mobile devices. | Google Android |
| Type of user interface that allows a user to interact with software using text, graphics, and visual images, such as icons. | graphical user interface (GUI) |
| Someone who accesses a computer or network illegally. | hacker |
| Operating system function that saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer. | hibernate |
| Utility that allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file, such as a photo. | image viewer |
| Search utility feature that stores a variety of information about a file, including its name, date created, date modified, author name, and so on. | index |
| Web browser included with Windows operating system. | Internet Explorer |
| Operating system developed by Apple for the iPhone and iPod touch. | iPhone OS |
| The core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the computer’s clock, starts programs, and assigns the computer’s resources. | kernel |
| Popular, multitasking UNIX-type operating system. | Linux |
| To access a computer or network as a user. | log on |
| Compression method in which a compressed file can be returned to its exact original state. | lossless |
| File compression method in which a file cannot be returned to its exact original state after compression, because the quality of a file decreases each time it is compressed, | lossy |
| Multitasking operating system that is the latest version of the Macintosh operating system. | Mac OS X |
| Operating system for Apple’s Macintosh computer. | Macintosh operating system |
| Short for malicious software; programs that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter a computer’s operations. | malware |
| Utility program that allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files. | media player |
| Operating system activity that optimizes the use of random access memory (RAM). | memory management |
| Remaining in memory while a computer is running. | memory resident |
| In reference to operating systems, supports two or more processors running programs at the same time. | multiprocessing |
| Operating system that is both a stand-alone operating system and a server operating system. | multipurpose operating system |
| In reference to operating systems, enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously. | multiuser |
| Windows Vista feature that helps users locate files by allowing users to adjust thumbnail size to view document without opening it. | Music Explorer |
| Server operating system designed by Novell for client/server networks. | NetWare |
| Employee who configures, installs, and maintains LANs, WANs, intranets, and Internet systems; identifies and resolves connectivity issues. | network administrator |
| Instructions that remain on a storage medium until they are needed. | nonresident |
| Software provided for use, modification, and redistribution. | open source software |
| Set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware devices. | operating system (OS) |
| Amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time. | page |
| Technique of swapping items between memory and storage. | paging |
| Scaled-down operating system that runs on smart phones and PDAs. | Palm OS |
| Private combination of characters associated with a user name that allows access to certain computer resources. | password |
| Operating system program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices. | performance monitor |
| Define who can access certain resources and when they can access those resources. | permissions |
| Utility program that identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance. | personal computer maintenance utility |
| Utility program that detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions. | personal firewall |
| Scam in which a perpetrator attempts to obtain your personal and/or financial information. | phishing |
| Program that warns or blocks you from potentially fraudulent or suspicious Web sites. | phishing filter |
| Windows Vista feature that helps users locate files by showing thumbnails that preview documents' content and allowing users to adjust thumbnail size to view document without opening it. | Pictures Explorer |
| Set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. | platform |
| Technology that gives a computer the capability to configure adapter cards and other peripherals automatically as a user installs them. | Plug and Play |
| Internet advertisement that suddenly appears in a new window in the foreground of a Web page displayed in the user’s browser. | pop-up ad |
| Filtering program that stops pop-up ads from displaying on Web pages. | pop-up blocker |
| Series of tests that is executed by the BIOS to make sure the computer hardware is connected properly and operating correctly. | power-on self test (POST) |
| Process in which the operating system interrupts a program that is executing and passes control to another program waiting to be executed. | preemptive multitasking |
| Program that intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in a queue. | print spooler |
| Software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer model. | proprietary software |
| Lineup of multiple print jobs within a buffer. | queue |
| Special disk that contains a few system files capable of restarting a computer, which is used when the computer cannot boot from its hard disk. See also boot disk. | recovery disk |
| Several files that contain the system configuration information. | registry |
| Program that reverses the backup process and returns backed up files to their original form. | restore utility |
| Utility program that causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no mouse activity occurs for a specified time. | screen saver |
| Program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify. | search utility |
| Operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network. | server operating system |
| Free downloadable software updates provided by the software manufacturer to users who have registered and/or activated their software. | service pack |
| Icon on the desktop that provides a user with immediate access to a program or file. | shortcut |
| In reference to an operating system, allowing a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time. | single user/multitasking |
| In reference to an operating system allowing only one user to run one program at a time. | single user/single tasking |
| Operating system function that saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state. | sleep mode |
| Windows 7 feature that allows you to copy screen elements to a file on your computer. | Snipping Tool |
| A version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems that is a server operating system designed specifically for e-commerce applications. | Solaris |
| Unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroups posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once. | spam |
| Operating system process that sends documents to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer. | spooling |
| Program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user. | spyware |
| Program that detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs on a user’s computer. | spyware remover |
| Complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device. | stand-alone operating system |
| Contains a list of programs that open automatically when you boot a computer. | Startup folder |
| Area of the hard disk used for virtual memory. | swap file |
| An open source multitasking operating system designed for smart phones and allows users to perform a variety of functions in addition to making telephone calls. | Symbian OS |
| Specific operating system files. | system files |
| Programs that control or maintain the operations of a computer and its devices. | system software |
| The state of an operating system that spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software. | thrashing |
| Malicious-logic program named after the Greek myth that hides within or looks like a legitimate program. | Trojan horse |
| To restore a compressed, or zipped, file to its original form. See also unzip. | uncompress |
| Utility program that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files. | uninstaller |
| Multitasking operating system that now is available for most computers of all sizes. | UNIX |
| To restore a compressed, or zipped, file to its original form. See also uncompress. | unzip |
| Unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user. See also user name. | user ID |
| The portion of software that defines how a user interacts with a computer, including how the user enters data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. | user interface |
| Unique combination of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user. | user name |
| Type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. | utility |
| Type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. | utility program |
| A portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, that the operating system allocates to function as additional RAM. | virtual memory |
| Practice of sharing or pooling computing resources, such as servers. | virtualization |
| Potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without a user’s knowledge or permission. | virus |
| Programmer who intentionally writes a virus program. | virus author |
| Process of using the operating system to restart a computer. | warm boot |
| Program that restricts access to certain material on the Web. | Web filtering software |
| Mini-program with limited functionality that connects to another program or provides information. See also gadget. | widget |
| Microsoft's fastest, most efficient operating system to date, offering quicker program start up, built-in diagnostics, automatic recovery, improved security, enhanced searching and organizing capabilities, and an easy-to-use interface. | Windows 7 |
| Windows 7 edition that includes all the capabilities of Windows 7 Starter and also includes Windows Aero with its Aero Flip 3D feature. | Windows 7 Home Premium |
| Windows 7 edition that provides users in all sizes of businesses with a secure operating environment that uses Windows Aero. | Windows 7 Professional |
| Windows 7 edition designed for netbooks and other small notebook computers that allows users to search for files, connect to printers and devices, browse the Internet, join home networks, and connect to wireless networks. | Windows 7 Starter |
| Windows 7 edition that includes all features of Windows 7 Home Premium and provides additional features designed to keep files secure and support for 35 languages. | Windows 7 Ultimate |
| Interface for computers with more than 1 GB of RAM that provides an enhanced visual look, additional navigation options, and animation. | Windows Aero |
| Windows 7 feature that allows you to coordinate your schedule with others' schedules. | Windows Calendar |
| Windows Vista feature that allows you to organize name and address information. | Windows Contacts |
| Windows 7 security feature that protects your computer from spyware. | Windows Defender |
| Windows 7 feature that allows users to create DVDs from digital videos. | Windows DVD Maker |
| Scaled-down Windows operating system designed for use on communications, entertainment, and computing devices with limited functionality. | Windows Embedded CE |
| Windows 7's built-in personal firewall that protects computers or a network from hackers. | Windows Firewall |
| Windows 7 feature that includes programs for instant messaging, photo editing and sharing, e-mail, blogging, and video editing and sharing. | Windows Live Essentials |
| Windows 7 e-mail feature. | Windows Live Mail |
| Windows 7 instant messaging feature. | Windows Live Messenger |
| Windows 7 video editing and sharing feature. | Windows Live Movie Maker |
| Windows 7 photo editing and sharing feature. | Windows Live Photo Gallery |
| Windows 7 blogging feature. | Windows Live Writer |
| Windows 7 program that allows users to listen to Internet radio stations, play MP3 and other music formats, copy music and data to CDs, and watch movies. | Windows Media Player |
| Windows Vista program that allows users to send and receive instant messages. | Windows Messenger |
| Embedded operating system that includes functionality, programs, and a user interface designed for specific types of smart phones. | Windows Phone 7 |
| An image viewer that is included with Windows Vista, which also allows you to manage and edit photos. | Windows Photo Gallery |
| Windows image viewer that allows you to print and e-mail photos. | Windows Photo Viewer |
| Windows feature that can increase the size of memory by allocating available storage space on removable flash memory devices as additional memory cache. | Windows ReadyBoost |
| Server operating system designed by Microsoft that is an upgrade to Windows Server 2003, including Web server management, enhanced server security, network access protection, and protection against malware features. | Windows Server 2008 |
| Collection of network operating system products, including Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems; Windows Server 2008, Standard Edition; Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Edition; Windows Server 2008, Datacenter; and Windows Web Server 2008. | Windows Server 2008 family |
| Server operating system designed for use by computers with 64-bit processors that function as a Web server. | Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems |
| Server operating system designed for use by businesses with huge volumes of transactions and large-scale databases. | Windows Server 2008, Datacenter |
| Server operating system designed for use by medium- to large-sized businesses, including those with e-commerce operations. | Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Edition |
| Server operating system designed for use by typical small- to medium-sized business networks. | Windows Server 2008, Standard Edition |
| Vertical bar along the edge of the Windows Vista desktop that allows users to control and customize a variety of gadgets or widgets. | Windows Sidebar |
| Windows Vista feature that allows viewing of messages on a powered-off notebook computer equipped with a secondary display. | Windows SideShow |
| Windows 7 support for computers with multi-touch technology. | Windows Touch |
| Successor to Windows XP, Microsoft's fastest, most efficient operating system to date, offering quicker program start up, built-in diagnostics, automatic recovery, improved security, and enhanced searching and organizing capabilities. | Windows Vista |
| Vista edition designed for businesses of all sizes that uses Windows Aero. | Windows Vista Business |
| Vista edition designed for the basic home user. | Windows Vista Home Basic |
| Vista edition that includes all capabilities of Windows Vista Home Basic and also includes Windows Aero. | Windows Vista Home Premium |
| Vista edition that includes all features of Windows Vista Home Premium and provides additional features designed to make mobile users' computers more secure and easier to network. | Windows Vista Ultimate |
| Network operating system designed for Web server and Web hosting businesses. | Windows Web Server |
| Malicious-logic program that copies itself repeatedly, using up system resources and possibly shutting down the system. | worm |
| Type of compressed files that usually have a .zip extension. | zipped files |
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