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Econ. Ch. 8 Vocab.
Term | Definition |
---|---|
market structure | the extent to which competition prevails in particular markets |
perfect competition | market situation in which there are numerous buyers and sellers, and no single buyer or seller can affect price |
monopoly | market situation in which a single supplier makes up an entire industry for a good or service with no close substitutes |
barriers to entry | obstacles to competition that prevent others from entering a market |
economies of scale | low production costs resulting from the large size of output |
patent | exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a specified number of years |
copyright | exclusive right to sell, publish, or reproduce creative works for a specified number of years |
oligopoly | industry dominated by a few suppliers who exercise some control over price |
product differentiation | manufacturers’ use of minor differences in quality and features to try to differentiate between similar goods and services |
cartel | arrangement among groups of industrial businesses to reduce international competition by controlling the price, production, and distribution of goods |
monopolistic competition | market situation in which a large number of sellers offer similar but slightly different products and in which each has some control over price |
interlocking directorate | a board of directors, the majority of whose members also serve as the board of directors of a competing corporation |
antitrust legislation | federal and state laws passed to prevent new monopolies from forming and to break up those that already exist |
merger | the legal combination of two or more companies that become one corporation |
conglomerate | large corporation made up of smaller corporations dealing in unrelated businesses |
deregulation | reduction of government regulation and control over business activity |