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MISY160
Business Concepts & Tools ch1-2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Digital Literacy | understand of how computers work |
| Computer | a digital electronic device that combines hardware and software to accept the input of data, and then process and store data to produce an output |
| Information Processing Cycle | Input->Processing->Output->Storage->Input |
| Computer Literacy | understanding of how computers work |
| Bits (short of binary digit) | -the smallest unit of information that a digital electronic device can manipulate -a digit can be 1 or 0 |
| Byte | a group of 8 bits |
| ASCII | the american standard code for information interchange used to represent keyboard characters in digital form: 1s & 0s |
| Binary Number System | number system used by computers, utilizing only two digits: 0&1 |
| Digital Convergence | digitization standardizes all types of data to 1s & 0s to create devices that combine the functionality of several digital electronic devices into one |
| Personal Computer | any general-purpose computer designed to meet the many computing needs of one individual |
| Mobile Computing | the use of battery-powered mobile computing devices that provide access to computing, communication, information, and/or entertainment anywhere, anytime |
| Synchronization | the process of maintaining common files and data across multiple devices so that all copies are up to data |
| Server | a powerful computer that often utilizes many processors to provide services to many users simultaneously over a network |
| Super computer | the most powerful type of computer, to solve the world's most dicicult problems |
| Special-Purpose Computer | computers designed to meet a specific need and are more prevalent, yet less noticeable, then general-purpose computers -ex: ATM machine, MRI |
| Hardware | the tangible parts of a computer or digital devices and typically includes support for processing, storage, input, and output |
| Processing | caries ut the instructions provided by software using specially designed circuitry and a well-defined routine to transform data into useful outputs |
| Transistor | an electronics component typically composed to silicon that opens or closes a circuit to alter the flow of electricity to store and manipulate bits |
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | a group of circuit that perform the processing in a computer, typically in one integrated circuit called a microprocesssor |
| Moore's Law | states that the number of transistors on a chip will double about every two years |
| Motherboard | the primary circuit of a computer to which all core components are connected, including the CPU |
| Bus | a subsystem on the motherboard that transfers data among system components |
| Machine Cycle | 1.Fetch 2.Decode 3.Execute 4.Store |
| Storage | the ability to maintain data within the system temporarily or permanetly |
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | temporary memory that store bytes of data and program instructions for the processor to access |
| Video Memory | is used to store image data for a computer display in order to speed the processing and display of video and graphic units |
| Read Only Memory (ROM) | provides permanent storage to data and instructions that do not change, such as firmware - programs and data from the computer manufacture |
| Magnetic Storage | storage technology that uses the magnetic properties of iron oxide particles rather than electric charges to store bits and bytes |
| Optical Storage | -media such as CDs, DVDs and Blue-ray discs, store bits by using an optical laser to burn pits into the surface of a highly reflective disc -a pit in a specific location represents a 0, and the lack of a pit represents a 1 |
| Solid State Storage | devices that store data using solid-state electronics such as transistors, and unlike magnetic and optical media, does not require any moving mechanical parts |
Created by:
NickUD
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