Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ST Science midterm
weeks 1_5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Work (TQ) | expanded energy in order to accomplish something |
| Work in Physics | expended energy is a force applied to an object is to moved, and the accomplishment is that the object moves a distance |
| Formula for Work (TQ) | force x distance |
| Joule (TQ) | the coventional unit for work and energy |
| Joule | a metric unit for work and is defined as a force of one newton acting over a distance of one meter, where the force and the distance moved lie in the same direction |
| Work VS Energy | in order to do work, an object must have energy in order to have energy, an object must have work done to it. |
| Power | if a 10-newton force is applied to an object, moving it 10 meters in 10 seconds, the person has done 100 joules of work |
| Formula for Power | work divided by time |
| Unit for Power | is watt |
| How many watts of power in one horsepower | 746 |
| THE AVERAGE HORSEPOWER A NORMAL HUMAN CAN GENERATE OVER A FEW MINUTES | one third, one tenth of horsepower for any greater length of time |
| CONSERVATION OF ENERGY | throughout the entire universe, there is a fixed amount of energy and it will never change |
| CONSERVATION OF ENERGY | energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be changed from one form of energy to another |
| 4 TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES | 1)inclined plane 2)lever 3)wheel and axle 4)pulley |
| INCLINED PLANES | useful when attempting to lift something that is very heavy |
| INCLINED PLANES | requires less force, although the distance up the ramp is greater than the distance straight up into the truck |
| WEDGE | an inclined plane that can be moved |
| LEVER | a simple machine that consists of a rigid bar supported at a point known as the fulcrum |
| LEVER | effort force is applied at one point on the lever in order to move an object, known as the resistance force, located at some other point on the lever. |
| CLASS-ONE LEVER (TEETER-TOTTER) | levers in which the fulcrum is somewhere between the point of applied force and the point of exerted force |
| CLASS-ONE LEVER (TEETER-TOTTER) | consist of an effort arm where force is applied by the user, a pivot point called the fulcrum, and a resistance arm where the object to be lifted or moved is placed |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF A CLASS-ONE LEVER | fulcun in the middle, effort on one side, resistance (load force)on the extreme side |
| SECOND CLASS LEVER | is a lever in which both the effort and resistance forces (load force)are on the same side of the fulcrum, with the resistance force between the fulcrum and effort force |
| CHARCATERISTICS OF A SECOND CLASS LEVER | fulcrum on one end, load force (resistance)in the middle, effort force o the other end (extreme side) |
| WHEELBARROW (2ND CLASS) | fulcrum is the wheel, the resistance (load force) is the dirt, and the effort is the handle |
| THIRD-CLASS LEVER | has both forces on the same side of the fulcrum, but in this class, the resistance force (load force)is farther away from the fulcrum than the effort force |
| Characteristics of Third-Class Lever | fulcrum in on side, load force (resistance) opposite extreme side |
| Speed | The distance an object travels during a particular time interval |
| Velocity | In addition to how fast the object travels, also defines the direction in which the object moves |
| Acceleration | How quickly an object changes velocity |
| Light Speed | 3 x 10 ^8 or 300, 000 km/sec |
| First Law of Motion (Inertia) | Is an objects resistance to to changing its motion; how much inertia an object has is determined by the objects mass |
| Second Law of Motion | Mass of an object is held constant, the larger the force that applied, the greater the acceleration |
| Third Law of Motion | Equal and opposite forces occur when two or more objects interact |
| Friction | When two or more objects interact, their irregular surfaces sllide and scrape against one another, impeding the motion of objects. Force that opposes the motion. |
| Free Fall | Occurs when an object is pulled down by the gravitational force of the Earth or any other large gravitational body |
| Terminal Velocity | The maximum speed that a person or object can achieve while falling toward the Earth |
| Pressure | The amount of force that is applied to a specific area. |
| Mass | The measurement of an objects inertia, which is dependant on the amount of matter that an object possesses |
| Weight | Dependant upon how much mass an object has |
| Momentum | A value that describes the amount of inertia and motion an object has |
| Impulse | Describes how a change in momuentum occurs. In order to change an objects motion or momentum, a force need to be applied to the object for a period of time. |
| Vector | Is a quantity that has magnitude and direction, velocity is a vector |
| Rotation | Is to spin about an axis located within the spinning object |
| Revolution | Takes place when an object turns about an axis that is located outside the object |
| Centripetal Force | "Center Seeking" force causes objects to travel in a circular path |
| Centrifugal Force | The sensation that a person feels when traveling in a circular path. "Pulled Out" away from the center. |
| Torque | A force that, when applied to An object, causes a turning motion |
| Lever_Arm | Distance between the axix of rotation and the point where the force is applied. |
| Pulley | A wheel (with an axle or bearing in it's center) on the rim which rides a rope or cord |
| Wheel | A circular disk or rim attached to a central rod, called an axle, about which the wheel can turn |
| Gears | A by-product of the wheel and axle, can produce huge mechanical advantages in machines. Consist of a circular wheel with teeth carved into them |
| Kinetic Energy | Transferred into heat from the friction between air molecules nd the object |
| Alternetive Energy | Any form of energy that doesnt orginate from fossil fuels |
| Hydroelectric Energy | Generated by sending high speed, high-kinetic energy water through a series of turbines that changes the waters kinetic energy into useable electrical energy |
| Heat | The amount of internal kinetic energy of atoms and molecules that flows from a warmer to a cooler environment in an effort to reach equilibrium |
| Measured in calories | Heat |
| Temperature | Is a scale for measuring thermal energy |
| Calorie | The amount of heat needed to increase one gram of water by one degree Celsius or Kelvin |
| Fahrenheit | A scale in which the freezing point of water was 32*F and the boiling point was 212*F |
| Thermographs | Detect the amount of heat emanating from objects or regions, use colors to determine the temperature |
| Thermometers | Measure the heat energy released from an object |
| Thermostat | Not only measures the temperature, but also controls heating and cooling systems |
| Celsius | Scale based on the freezing point of water (0*C) and boiling point of water (100*C) |
| Kelvin | Absolute zero is a theoretical temperature indicating zero heat energy |
| States of matter | Solid (ice), Liquid (water), Gas (steam), Plasma (ionized gas) |
| Plasma | Occurs when the atoms in a gaseous molecule become ionized, or charged particles |
| Convection | Circulating warm, transfers through movement |
| Conduction | Acheived through contact with a warm surface; no movement |
| Infrared radiation | Exposure to electromagnetic radiation; specifically infrared waves |
| Thermodynamics | The field of physics that studies the movement of heat |
| Zeroth Law | States that temperature is a method of determining if heat will flow from one object to another. |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but only transformed. One form of energy is changed to another. |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | States that heat will only flow freely from a warm object to a cool environment |
| Entropy; also 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Amount of disorder in a system. The closer it gets to equilibrium it becomes more disordered increasing entropy |
| Third Law of Thermodynamics | States that absolute zero, the lowest possible temperature, the point at which there is no energy, can never be reached |
| Electrostatic | Study of those electrically charged particles that can be moved from place to place and then held at rest |
| Magnets | Consists of tiny, aligned magnetic domains inside materials such as iron |
| Magnetic domains | Atoms that have electrons each with a North and South pole spinning the same direction |
| Magnetic field | Electrons spinning in the opposite directions |
| The key to magnetism is the uniform motion of electrons | |
| Electromagnetic waves | Created by the the vibrations of electric charge |
| Electromagnet | An iron core wrapped up in electrical, current carrying wire |
| Insulators | Inhibit the movement of electricity; non metals |
| All forces including electrical forces are measured in Newtons | |
| Electrical field | An area where there is an attractive or repulsive electric force between two or more charged particles |
| Anode (+) | Always pulls negative charges |
| Cathode (-) | Always pulls positive charges |
| Electrical current | A flow of positive/negative charges; measured in amps |
| Voltage | Potential difference in an object or battery |
| Resistance | Slows down the electric charges and in the process causes wires or any of the conductor of electricity to heat up |
| Semiconductors | Allow electrical current to trabel without resistance |
| Voltage, current, and resistance | Form the basic law of circuits |
| Voltage | Current (X) resistance |
| Watt | Unit for Power |
| Kilowatt | 1,000 watts of power |
| Voltage supply | Potential difference in the circuit |
| Current flow | Wires are needed to connect the power supply to the resistors and back to the power supply |
| Resistance | The flow of electrons can be acheived with wires, electrical devices, and even the power itself |
| Electrical current | Closed path through which current travels |
| Direct current | Allow electrons to travel only in one direction throughout a circuit |
| Alternating current | Vibrates the electrons in the circuit back and forth 60 times a second |
| Semi-Conductors | A few free electrons that flow freely in the material such as Germanium and silicone |
| Series Circuit | Consist of electrical devices (resistors, capacitors, batteries, switches) arranged in a single line |
| Parallel circuit | Allows the electricity to flow through different branches |
| Wave | A traveling disturbance that moves energy from one location to another without transferrig matter |
| Two major wave classifications | Longitudinal and transvers |
| Compression | Medium in longitudinal waves pushes close together at some points |
| Rarefaction | Separates from eachother immediately after |
| Velocity of wave | Depend upon the material or medium in which it is traveling; typically the denser and more elastic the medium, the faster the wave will travel |
| Frequency | How many cycles of vibration occur per second and is measured in cycles per second or Hertz |
| Period | Amount of time it takes a wave to vibrate one full cycle |
| Wave with a long period has a low frequency, while a wave with a very short period has a high frequency | |
| Light, radio, x-rays | Electromagnetic wave |
| Electomagnetic wave | Consist of two perpendicular waves, one component of the wave being a vibrating electric field while the other is a corresponding magnet field |
| Does not need a medium such as air, water, or steel to travel | Electromagnetic wave |
| Radio wave | Wave transmitted is electromagnetic waves. NOT sound waves |
| Hz = Hertz | Unit for frequency |
| Hertz | represents the number of vibrations or cycles per second of a wave |
| KHz | Kilo or 1,000 hertz |
| Mhz | Megahertz or one million hertz |
| Ghz | Gigahertz or one billion |
| Microwave (SHF; super high frquency) | Electromagnetic waves in a frequency range of 3Ghz to 30Ghz |
| Created in klystron and magnetron electron tubes | Microwaves |
| Damping | Gradual decrease in wave amplitude |
| Amplifiers | Typically used to increase the amplitude of the waves before damping reduces the waves to nothing |
| Standing waves | Occur when a continuous set of waves reflect off a surface and overlap eachother |
| Nodes | Sections that stay still |
| Anti-nodes | Sections between nodes that move up and down dramatically |
| Resonance | Occurs when the frequency of a continuous wave achieves a standing wave with maximum amplitude |
| Transformers | Used to match impedances when mechanical waves encounter new media; provides smoother gradual transition |
| Transducer | To change one type of wave into another. i.e. telephones, speakers |
| Radar | A frequency band on the electromagnetic spectrum, is an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging |
| Doppler effect | The change in frequency of a wave that results from an objects changing position relative to an observer |
| Sound | Travel at 340 m/s or 760 mph |
| Human ears | Between 20Hz and 20,000Hz |
| Ultrasonic | Those frequencies above the human bardwidth of hearing (20,000Hz) |
| Sonar | Acronym for Sound Navigation Ranging is a method of sound waves to determine the distance an object is from a transmitter of sound |
| Ultrasound | Systems direct high frequency sound (usually between 5-7Mhz) into particular regions of the body, and measure the time it takes for the sound wave to reflect back to the machine |
| Infrasonics (subsonic) | Sounds are those frequencies below the human hearing. Less than 20Hz |
| Sound intensity is the energy of the sound wave. For sound and mechanical waves, the energy is determined by the height of its amplitude | |
| Pitch of Sound | The combination of frequency and intensity |
| Doppler effect | Demonstrates that a waves length decreases as the source moves toward an observer, and increases when the source moves away |
| The inverse square law | Sound intensity diminishes according to the inverse square law, which states that the intensity of a sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance |
| Decibal | The loudness of a sound is increased by a factor of ten |
| The speed of sound, approximately 331 m/s at 0*C is considered Mach 1 | |
| Acoustics | The branch of physics that deals with the science of sound |
Created by:
E.Ochoa
Popular Surgery sets