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The Nervous System
chap 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of nervous system | Control, stimulate and coordinate all other body systems. |
| Peripheral nervous system -PNS | nerves outside the spinal cord |
| Central Nervous System | brain, spinal cord |
| Neuron -nerve cell | fundamental unit of nervous tissue. It contains a cell body and fiber branches coming into and going away from it (Dendrites & axons) |
| Autonomic nervous system | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Dendrites | bring info to the cell body from other parts of the nervous system.More branches to grab info and bring in. |
| Axons | are usually a single branch opposite of the dendrite that transmit impulses away from the cell. Consist of 3 parts axon cylinder inner part, myelin sheath, neurilemma sheath (outer part) |
| Myelin - a white fatty substance found in the CNS and PNS. | Functions increase speed of impulse conduction. |
| Gray matter parts | Cerebral cortex and central portion of the spinal cord |
| White matter | major tracts in the spinal cord and fiber systems such as the internal capsule within the brain. |
| Gray matter location | It does not cover cell body or certain nerve fibers. Areas that contain mostly myelinated fibers are called white matter as areas with mostly unmyelinated fibers are called gray matter. (MS) |
| Nerve fiber | Conductor of impulses for the neuron |
| Synapse | minute gap between neurons where transmission of impulses from one neuron to another occurs. |
| Tract | group of myelinated nerve fibers within the CNS that carries a specific type of info from one area to another. Depending on the location they have different names |
| Motor neuron or efferent | neuron. It ends in muscle fiber and its role is to bring impulses from the spinal cord to the periphery. |
| Sensory neuron or afferent neuron | role is to bring impulses from the periphery to the spinal cord. |
| Interneuron | found in the CNS and it transmits or integrates sensory or motor impules. |
| The Central Nervous System (CNS) | consists of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Brain Weighs about 3# | comprised of cerebrum brain stem Cerebellum |
| Cerebrum components | Largest and main portion.Responsible for highest mental functions |
| Cerebrum devisions | Made up of right and left hemispheres which are joined by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere has a cortex or outer covering and is divided into |
| Cerebrum-4 lobes. | Frontal - anterior portion of skull Occipital- posterior portion of skull Parietal- b/w frontal and occipital Temporal - under the frontal and parietal lobes, just above ear |
| Frontal | characteristics of personality, controls motor movement and expressive speech. |
| Occipital | vision, recognition of size, shape and color |
| Parietal | gross sensation - touch/pressure, fine sensation such as determination of texture, weight, size and shape, reading skills. |
| Temporal | centers for behavior, hearing, language - receptive and understanding. |
| Thalamus | located deep within the cerebral hemispheres. It is a mass of nerve cells which serve as a rely station for body sensations. Pain is perceived here. |
| Hypothalamus | also deep in brain. Important for hormone function and behavior |
| Basal Ganglia | also in area of thalamus & hypothalamus - important for coordination of movement. |
| Brain Stem below cerebrum Has 3 parts: | Midbrain-- Pons--Medulla oblongata |
| Midbrain | upper portion. Center for visual reflexes. |
| Pons | between midbrain and medulla |
| Medulla oblongata | continuous with the spinal cord.. Center for automatic respiration and heart rate. |
| Medulla oblongata tract | Most of the cranial nerves come from the brainstem area and all fiber tracts from the spinal cord and peripheral nerves to higher centers of the brain go through here. |
| Cerebellum Location - | posterior portion behind pons and medulla. |
| Cerebellum Function | mainly to control muscle coordination, tone and posture. |
| Bony: Skull . | several bones fused together for greater strength |
| Meninges | covering that provides support and protection There are 3 layers. |
| 3 layers | outer layer called dura mater, middle called arachnoid (spider like) and inner pia matter(carries blood vessels to brain). They are continuous with spinal meninges that surround the spinal cord |
| cerebrospinal fluid | surrounds the brain and fills the 4 ventricles (small cavities). Main function is shock absorption. |
Created by:
learntime101
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