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CN Testing 2
Cranial Nerve Testing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lines coming down from the either side of the nose towards the corners of the mouth | Nasolabial fold |
| CN that control the muscles that closes the eyelids | CN VII |
| CN that control the muscles that opens the eyelid | CN III |
| The right and left upper motor neurons each innervate both-----that allow the forehead to move up and down | Right and left lower motor neurons |
| The lower motor neuron that control the muscles of the lower face are only innervated by the upper motor neuron from the ----- of the face | Opposite side |
| Dysfunction in CN VII that usually occurs in CNS event such as stroke | UMN Dysfunction |
| Acute CN VII peripheral nerve palsy | Bell's palsy |
| What form of dysfunction in CN VII is seen in Bell's palsy | LMN Dysfunction |
| Dysfunction in CN VII, note preserved ability to wrinkle forehead, left corner of mouth is slightly lower than right, left nasolabial fold is slightly less pronounced compared with right | Right central CN VII Dysfunction |
| Dysfunction in CN VII note loss of forehead wrinkle, ability to close eye, ability to raise corner of mouth and decreased nasolabial fold prominence on left | Left peripheral CN VII dysfunction |
| Bell's palsy tends to happen in patient's----and often responds to treatment with---- | Over 50 yrs old Acyclovir and prednisone |
| Also responsible for carrying taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue | CN VII |
| CN VIII | Acoustic Nerve |
| CN VIII carries sound impulses from the | Cochlea to brain |
| Phases of hearing | Conductive phase Sensorineural Phase |
| Phase in hearing which refers to the passage of sound from the outside to the level of CN VIII; this includes the transmission of sound through the external canal and middle ear | Conductive phase |
| Phase in hearing which refers to the transmission of sound via CN VIII to the brain | Sensorineural phase |
| ----Hz of tuning fork | 512 Hz |
| During Weber test, when the patient heard the sound better on one side of the ear than the other referred as | Lateralizing on a side |
| Conductive defects can be determined through what procedures | Weber test Rinne Test |
| In rinne test, ---- is a better conducting medium than bone | Air |
| In weber test, tuning fork is placed on the | Patient's skull |
| In rinne test, tuning fork is placed on | Mastoid bone |
| Type of hearing loss is due to wax in external ear | Conductive hearing loss |
| Type of hearing loss is due to a tumor of CN VIII | Sensorineural hearing loss |
| Final pathway through which sound is carried to the brain | CN VIII |
| CN IX | Glossopharyngeal nerve |
| CN X | Vagus nerve |
| Nerves responsible for raising the soft palate of the mouth and gag reflex | CN IX, CN X |
| A protective mechanism which prevents food or liquid from traveling into the lungs | Gag reflex |
| A midline structure hanging down from the palate | Uvula |
| If CN IX on the right is not functioning the uvula will be pulled to the | Left |
| Two major clinical situations indicating the need for gag reflex | Sudden decreased level of consciousness Acute dysfunction (stroke, recurrent pneumonia) |
| CN 12 | Hypoglossal nerve |
| CN responsible for tongue movement | CN 12 |
| Each CN 12 innervates | 1/2 of the tongue |
| If right CN 12 is dysfunctional the tongue will deviate to the | Right |
| Movement the begins with an impulse generated by cell bodies located in the brain | Voluntary movement |
| Other term for corticospinal tract | Pyramidal tract |
| Signals travel from cell bodies located in the brain down to their respective axons forming | Corticospinal tract |
| The nerves which comprise the motor pathway of corticospinal tract are collectively referred as | Upper motor neuron |
| At a specific point in the spinal cord the axon synapses with a second nerve referred as | |
| If the LMN terminates in the hand, the synapse occurs in | Cervical spine |
| If the LMN terminates in the foot, the synapse occurs in | Lumbar spine |
| UMN are part of the | CNS |
| Composed of neurons whose cell bodies are located in the brain or spinal cord | CNS |
| LMN are part of the | PNS |
| Made up of motor and sensory neurons with cell bodies located outside of the brain and spinal cord | PNS |
| Nerves which carry impulses away from CNS | Efferent |
| Nerves which carry impulses towards CNS | Afferent |
| Bundles of axons are referred as | Spinal nerve roots |
| Spinal nerve roots contains----- | Both afferent and efferent fibers |
| Paired openings that allow the spinal nerve roots that allow for their passage out of bony projection provided by vertebral column | Neuroforamina |
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analyncosim
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