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Adrenal Gland
Clin Chem Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex? | zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis |
| Zona glomerulosa is related to what hormone? | Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) |
| Zona fasciculata is related to what hormone? | Cortisol (glucocorticoid) |
| Zone reticularis is related to what hormone? | Androgens |
| Where are the aromatic amines located? | adrenal medulla |
| Cortisol is highest at what time of day? | 8-10am |
| Synthesis and release of corticosteroids is stimulated by ________ | ACTH |
| _______ plasma cortisol is bound to CBG | 90% |
| Adrenal tumor lab values | decreased ACTH, decreased CRF, increased cortisol |
| Adrenal nodular hyperplasia lab values | Massive amounts of cortisol produced |
| Pituitary Cushings syndrome | increased ACTH, increased cortisol, decreased CRF |
| Aldosterone is synthesized in the ________________ | zone glomerulosa |
| Aldosterone is controlled by the __________ system | renin-angiotensin system |
| Primary Conn's disease (hyperaldosteronism) is due to what? | overproduction of adrenal cortex (inc aldosterone, inc Na retention, inc hypertension) |
| Secondary Conn's disease is caused by | CHF, nephrotic syndrome, increased renin production, cirrhosis |
| In the zone reticularis, hormone synthesis is under the control of ____________ | ACTH |
| common defect in the zona reticularis is __________________ | androgenital syndrome (21-hydroxylase deficiency) |
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is due to __________ | an inherited defect in the genes of 1 or several steroids. |
| What is the most common deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia? | 21-hydroxylase followed by 11B-hydroxylase |
| Lab results for congenital adrenal hyperplasia? | Decreased cortisol and aldosterone, increased ACTH and androgens |
| Diagnosis for congenital adrenal hyperplasia? | Increased plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone |
| Testosterone is metabolized into what? (2) | Dihydrotestosterone and androtenedione |
| What are the 17-ketosteroids? | metabolites of androgens secreted by both the testes and the adrenal gland |
| What method is best to measure 17-KS? | Zimmerman reaction at 520nm-------purple compound |
| The adrenal medulla contains ________________ | catecholamines |
| 2 major catecholemines are : | epinephrine and norepinephrine which are synthesized from phenylalanine |
| Catecholamines are ____________ biologically active | 100%------------half life of 1min |
| Catecholamines are rapidly metabolized by ____________ | catechol-O methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase |
| What is the primary metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine? | VMA |
| Catecholamines are metabolized to ___________ and ____________ | metanephrine and VMA |
| What is pheochromacytoma? | Tumor of the chromatin cells of the adrenal medulla due to increased epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| How to diagnose pheocytochroma? | Elevated plasma catecholamines and increased urinary VMA and metnaephrines |
Created by:
aenewsom
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