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1.Descriptive termi
bones and movement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medial | toward the midline |
| Lateral - | position farther from the midline |
| Anterior (ventral) | front of the body |
| Posterior (dorsal) | back of the body |
| Distal | away from trunk |
| Proximal | toward trunk |
| Superior | body part above another |
| Inferior | Body part below another |
| Superficial | less depth |
| Deep | greater depth |
| Supine | lying flat (horizontal) with face (anterior surface) upward. |
| Prone | lying flat (horizontal) with face (anterior surface) downward |
| Bilateral | refers to 2 or both sides |
| Contralater | alaffecting opposite side of body (a left CVA will affect the right side of the body) |
| Ipsilateral | affecting same side of body (such as upper face palsy affecting same side as CVA) |
| Carnial (cephalad) | Position or structure close to the head. |
| Caudal (cauda) | Position or structure closer to the feet. |
| Flexion | bending, bringing closer to the body (closing the angle) |
| Extension | Straightening, causing a return to the anatomical position (opening the angle) |
| Hypertension | the continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position |
| Palmar Flexion | flexion (bend)up at the wrist |
| Plantar Flexion | flexion (bend at the ankle (standing on “tip toes”) |
| Dorsiflexion | Extension of wrist and ankle (standing on heels) |
| Abduction | away from midline except with fingers (used middle finger) and toes (use 2nd toe) |
| Adduction | toward the midline except with fingers and toes. |
| Horizontal Abduction | Shoulder is flexed to 90 then abducted ( moved toward the back) |
| Horizontal Adduction | shoulder is flexed to 90 then abducted (moved toward the front) |
| Radial Deviation | movement toward thumb side. |
| Ulnar Deviation | Movement toward pinky side. |
| Lateral bending (left or right) ) | bending the trunk side to side (at the left or right waist |
| Circumduction | a combination of 4 movements (flexion, abduction, extension, adduction) such as the shoulder moving the arm in a circle |
| Medial Rotation (internal rotation) | anterior surface moves inward |
| Lateral Rotation (external rotation) | anterior surface outward |
| Spinal Rotation | rotation of the spine about its longitudinal axis. |
| Supination | Rotation of the forearm in which the palms are up |
| Pronation | rotation of the forearm in which the palms are down. |
| Inversion | sole of feet inward at the ankles (toward the midline) |
| Eversion – | sole of feet outward (away from the midline). |
| Protraction – linear movement | along a plane parallel to the ground and away from the midline (when arms are raised outward extending forward- scapula moves forward). |
| Retraction – linear movement | in same plane but toward midline (when arms are raised outward pushing back – scapula moves toward the spine) |
| Axial | Thorax (ribs/sternum), spine (vertebrae), and skull (80 bones in total) |
| Appendicular: | Upper/lower extremities (126 bones) *includes scapula |
Created by:
learntime101
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