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Forensic Toxicology
Clin Chem exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the chain of custody? | The paper trail "Accountability" |
| Results must be what in court? | legally defensible |
| The gold standard for forensic analysis? | GC/MS |
| Cause of death definition and examples? | The disease or injury responsible for the death: diabetes, stroke, drowning, fire, gunshot, drug intoxication |
| Maner of death definition and examples? (5) | Explains how the cause arose and the events surrounding the death : Natural, accident, suicide, homicide, undetermined |
| Mechanism of death definition? | The change in physiology or biochemistry that exerts the lethal effect: asphyxia, blood loss, diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Specimen used most commonly and is the least expensive? | Urine---does not detect historical use |
| The specimen that is the most accurate for drug concentrations | Blood |
| Vitreous humor | Used in postmortem tox. It is safe from bacteria in stomach and gives reliable measurements for electrolytes, glucose and alcohol |
| Half life of amphetamines and meth in acidic urine? | 7-14 hrs |
| Half life of amphetamines and meth in alkaline urine? | 18-34hrs |
| Which amphetamine (d or l) is more potent as a CNS stimulant? | d-amphetamine |
| Which amphetamine (d or i) is more potent as a peripheral vasoconstriction? | i-amphetamine |
| Drugs that are converted to amphetamine? (4) | Adderall, clobenzorex, fenproporex, mefenorex |
| Drugs that are converted to methamphetamine? (4) | Benzphetamine, deprenyl, famprofazone, furfenorex----Urine will have meth and amphetamine |
| What is the active ingredient is cannabinoids> | tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
| What is the metabolite of cannabinoids? | 11-nor-s-p-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol-------held in fat stores, feces and urine |
| Cocaine metabolite? | benzoylecgonine |
| List opiates (7) | Morphine, heroin, codeine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodon, demerol |
| Opiate antidote? | Naloxone (Narcan) |
| What are opiate metabolites conjugated with? | Glucornic acid |
| Heroin and codein metabolism (pathway) | Heroin--->6-MAM--->Morphine--->Codeine (can convert back to morphine) |
| PCP (Phenyl cyclohexyl piperidine) | Hallucinogen, soluble in water and alcohol. Undergoes very little metabolism |
| What is the treatment for opiate addiction? | Methadone---a synthetic opiate with reduced CNS highs |
| List benzodiazepines (3) | Klonopin(clonazepam), valium, xanax |
| Benzodiazepines affect the activity of the neurotransmitter ___________. | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
| What do barbituates do? | produce a wide spectrum of CNS depression, from mild sedation to coma |
Created by:
aenewsom
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