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IT Cisco Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motherboard | -Main printed circuit board -Contains buses, or electrical pathways found in a computer. Buses allow data to travel among the various components. -CPU, RAM, expansion slots, heat sink/fan assembly/ BIOS chip, chip set, internal and external connectors |
| Motherboard form factors | -AT - Advanced Tech. -ATX - Advanced Technology Extended -Mini-ATX - Smaller footprint of ATX -Micro-ATX - Smaller footprint of ATX -LPX - Low-Profile Extended -NLX - New Low-profile Extended -BTX - Balanced Technology Extended |
| CPU | -Brain of Comp. -Executes program 2 CPU architectures -Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) -Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) |
| Cooling Systems | -Case fan = Makes cooling more efficient (Can be dedicated to Graphics-Processing-Unit(GPU) -Heat Sink = Draws heat away from the core of the CPU |
| ROM | -Read-only Memory -Contains basic instructions for booting comp. & loading operating system |
| RAM | -Random-access memory (RAM) -Temp. storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU -Ram is volatile memory (Which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off) -More RAM means more capacity to process programs |
| Adapter Cards | Adapter cards increase the functionality of a computer by adding controllers for specific devices or by replacing malfunctioning ports. -Examples=Sound/Video Adapter,USB -Types=Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI),Advanced Graphics Port AGP,PCI-Expre |
| Hard Drives/Floppy Drives | -Read/Write info. to magnetic storage media -Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Magnetic storage devices. (Uses GB) -Solid State Drives(SDDs)-Faster w/out moving parts Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) - Uses removable 3.5 inch floppy disks that can store up to 1.44 of da |
| Optical Drive | -Storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. -CD, DVD, & BD |
| Flash Drive | -Removable storage device -Connects to USB Port -No power needed to maintain data |
| Common Drive Interfaces | -Intergrated Drive Electrionics (IDE) -Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) -Paralle ATA (PATA) -Serial ATA (SATA) & External Sata (eSATA) -Small Computer System Interface (SCSI |
| External Bays | -Drives in external bays allow access to the media without opening the case -Optical Drive, FDD |
| NIC's | -enables a computer to connect to a network -Uses PCI and PCIe expansion slots on the motherboard WIRELESS NIC -enables a comp. |
| Booting Comp. for First Time | Basic input.output system (BIOS) will perform a power-on self test (POST) to check on all internal components (Beep code if an error occurs during hardware check) |
| BIOS | -Contains a setup program used to configure settings for hardware devices. The configuration data is saved to a special memory chip called a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) |
| Trouble Shooting Process | -Identify problem -Establish a theory -Determine an Exact Cause -Implement a Solution -Verify Solution and Full System Functionality |
| Operating System | -Controls almost all functions on a computer. |
| Command Line Interface (CLI) | -User types commands at prompt |
| Graphical User Interface (GUI) | -User interacts with menu's and icons |
| CPU Modes (1) (XP) | REAL MODE -CPU that operates in real mode can only execute on program at a time, and it can only address 1 MB of system memory at a time. In real mode, when an application creates an error, the entire comp. can be affected because direct access to memory |
| CPU Modes (2) | PROTECTED MODE -Access to all of the memory in the comp, including virtual memory. App's are protected from using the memory reserved for another app. that is running |
| Desktop Operating System | -Supports single user -Runs single-user app's -Shares files and folders -Shares peripherals -Used on small network |
| Network Operating System | -Supports multiple users -Runs Multi-user app's -Provides increased security -Used on a network |
| Boot Sequence for Windows XP (1) | -POST -POST for each adapter card that has a BIOS -BIOS reads the master boot record (MBR) -MDR takes over control of boot process and starts NT Loader (NTLDR) |
| Boot Sequence for Windows XP (2) | -NTLDR reads the BOOT.INI file to know which OS to load and where to find the OS on the boot partition -NTLDR uses NTDETECT.COM to detect any installed hardware -NTLDR loads the NTOSKRNL.EXE file and HAL.DLL |
| Boot Sequence for Windows XP (3) | -NTLDR reads the registry files and loads device drivers -NTOSKRNL.EXE starts the WINLOGON.EXE program and displays the Windows Login Screen |
| Registry File HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT | Info. about which files extensions map to a particular application |
| Registry File HKEY_CURRENT_USER | Info., such as desktop settings and history, related to the current user of a PC |
| Registry File HKEY_USERS | Info. about all users who have logged onto a system |
| Registry File HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE | Info. relating to the hardware and software |
| Registry File HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG | Info. relating to all the active devices on a system |
| NTFS | -Supports more files than FAT32, and provides more flexible security features for folders, files, and sizes |
| FAT3 | -Where files need to be accessed by multiple versions of Windows. FAT32 is not as secure as NTFS -Partitions can be converted from the FAT32 to NTFS using the CONVERT.EXE utility, but not in the reverse direction |
Created by:
Shmeat
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