NBCOT flashcard
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| Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is AKA? | Complex regional pain syndrome
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| Neuroma | An unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from a laceration or amputation in which the nerve regrows in unorganized bundles -- results in sharp, radiating pain.
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| Apraxia | Loss of ability to execute or carry out learned (familiar) movements -- despite having the desire & physical ability to perform the mvmts
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| Oral Apraxia | Difficulty in forming and organizing intelligible words, though the musculature is intact. Differs from DYSARTHRIA because no muscles are affected and speech is not slurred
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| Constructional Apraxia | Unable to produce designs in 2 or 3 dimensions by copying, drawing, or constructing
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| Ideational Apraxia | Disability of carrying out complex sequential motor acts spontaneously or on request -- caused by disruption of the conception, rather than the execution -- loss of tool function knowledge
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| Ideomotor Apraxia | Inability to imitate gestures or perform a purposeful motor task on command -- even though the patient is able to fully understand the idea or concept of a task -- this often assc. with left hemisphere damage
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| Visual Agnosia | Lack of ability to recognize common objects and demonstrate their use in an activity
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| Auditory Agnosia | Inability to recognize sounds, words, and non-words
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| Visual-spacial Agnosia | Affects perception of spatial relationship between objects, or between objects and self
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| Prosopagnosia | Face blindness -- inability to ID an individual by their face
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| Anosognosia | Transient, severe form of neglect -- patient does not recognize the presence or severity of his paralysis
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| Valgus Stress Syndrome | Medial elbow overstress -- occurs as a result of repetitive throwing motions
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| Brachial Plexus Injury | Traumatic (falling) & Obstetrics -- weakness in the arm, diminished reflexes, corresponding sensory deficits
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| Pulled Elbow Syndrome | Dislocation by a sudden jerk upwards of the arm -- common injury in children under 5 years
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| Chorea | Irregular, purposeless, involuntary, quick, jerky, & dysrhythmic mvmts
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| Huntington's Disease | Gentic disease - progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain, usually results in jerky movement, dementia and psychiatric disorders -- type of chorea
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| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities that occur in patients treated with long-term dopaminergic antagonist medications -- type of chorea
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| Cerebral palsy | Permanent impairment affecting automatic postural control and movement as a result of a non-progressive brain disorder
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| Types of CP | Spastic, athetoid, flaccid, ataxic
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| Spastic CP - severe | Severe increased tone -- flex/ext cocontraction -- high tone, always -- more proximal than distal
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| Spastic CP - moderate | Near normal tone @ rest -- tone increases w/ excitement, mvmt, emotion, and speech -- more distal than proximal
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| Spastic CP - mild | Normal tone @ rest -- tone increases w/ effort & movement
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| Athethoid CP - pure | Tone fluctuates from low to normal -- no or little spasticity -- no coactivation
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| Athetoid CP w/ spasticity | Tone fluctates from normal to high -- proximal spasticity -- distal athetosis (slow writhing, continuous and involuntary mvmt of extremities
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| Athetoid CP w/ tonic spasms | Unpredictable tone -- changes from low to very high -- all flexion or all extension
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| Choreoathetosis CP | Constant fluctuation from low to high tone -- no co-contraction -- jerky, involuntary mvmt -- more proximal than distal
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| Flaccid CP | Markedly low tone -- seen at birth/toddler -- later classified as spastic, athetoid, or ataxic
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| Ataxic CP | Normal to near normal tone -- increased tone usually involves LE flexion -- most functional form of CP
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| Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PPD) | Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, Rett's Syndrome
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| Autism | Impairments of social interaction, social communication, social behavior -- inability to relate to others -- echolia -- flat affect & poor eye contact -- aversion to physical contact -- intolerance to changes in routine
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| Asperger's Syndrome | Similar characteristics to autism -- sometimes referred to as high functioning autism
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| Resting tremors | Occurs at rest, subsides when voluntary movement is attempted -- seen in Parkinson's
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| Ballism | Produced by continuous, abrupt contractions of the axial and proximal musculature of the extremity
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| Dysarthria | Explosive or slurred speech caused by in-coordination of muscles involved in speech -- a neuromotor problem -- often a symptom of Friedreich's ataxia
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| Nystagmus | Involuntary mvmt of eyeballs in up/down, back/forth motion -- interferes with head control
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| Dysmetria | Inability to estimate ROM necessary to meet target -- evident when person tries to reach nose -- often a symptom of Friedreich's ataxia
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| Intention tremors | Occurs w/ voluntary mvmt -- intensified at the termination of the mvmt -- often assc. w/ MS
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| Bradykinesia | Slow movement
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| Adiadochokinesis | Inability to perform rapid alternating mvmts such as pronation/supination
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| Dystonia | Neurologic mvmt disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, usually producing twisting & repetitive mvmts or abnormal postures or positions
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| Choreoathetosis | Movement of intermediate speed, fluctuating between the quick, flitting movements of chorea and the slower, writhing movements of athetosis
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| Pes varus | Club foot -- supinated foot
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| Pes valgus | Pronated foot
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| Rotator Cuff Muscles | Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Subscapularis - Teres Minor
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| Ataxia | Describes a lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements -- it may appear as clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability
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| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | Auto-immunue disease in which the peripheral nerves become inflammed -- results in numbness and paralysis in the legs, upper body, and face -- level of I depends on extent of paralysis
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| Agnosia | Lack of recognition of familiar objects as perceived by the senses -- manifests w/ problems in body scheme such as somatognosia & anosgonosia
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| Somatognosia | Unawareness of body parts
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| Anasognosia | Unawareness or denial of a neurological deficit, such as hemiplegia
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| Displacement | Occurs when an individual redirects an emotion from one object (progression of disease) to another (adaptive equipment)
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| Acting-out | Describes behaviors that violate societal norms (sexually provocative behavior, physically assaultive behavior)
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| Passive-aggressive behavior | Characterized by indirect or unassertive aggression (being chronically late when meeting someone you argued with years ago)
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| Reaction formation | Switching of an unacceptable impulse into its opposite (hugging someone you would like to hit)
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| Standard Adult Wheelchair Measurements | Width=18" -- Depth=16" -- Height=20"
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| Measuring for Wheelchair Width | Add 2" to widest point of hips/thighs
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| Measuring for Wheelchair Depth | Subtract 2" from greatest length
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| MAO inhibitors - medication names | Parnate, Nardil, Marplan, Emsam
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| MAO inhibitors - foods to avoid | aged cheese, smoked/pickled meats (pepperoni/salami/corned beef), wine-sherry-beer-hard liquor, liver, avocados, bananas, raisins, saurkraut
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| MAO inhibitors used to treat? | Depression
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| Anti-psychotic - older medication names | Haldol, Loxitane, Thorazine
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| Older anti-psychotic medications are AKA? | Neuroleptics
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| Newer anti-psychotic medications are AKA? | Pyschotropics
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| Newer anti-psychotic medication names | clozapine (Clozaril), risperidone (Risperdal), aripiprazole (Abilify), quetiapine (Seroquel), and olanzapine (Zyprexa)
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| Common side-effects of older anti-psychotic meds | Tardive Dyskinesia, photosensitivity, orthostatic hypotension
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| Common side-effects of newer anti-psychotic meds | Metabolic syndrome - can cause weight gain and Type II diabetes, tardive dyskinesia
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