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Kinesiology Spring13
Review Questions Chap 1,2,3,4,8-Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Sternum is ________ to the vertebral column. | Anterior/ventral |
| The Calcaneus is on the __________ portion of the foot. | Posterior |
| The hip is ______ to the chest. | Inferior |
| The femur is _____ to the tibia. | Proximal (superior also) |
| The radius is on the _____ side of the forearm. | Lateral |
| When a football is kicked through the goalposts, what type of motion is being demonstrated by A.) the football____? B.) by the kicker_____? | A. Curvilinear for the football. B. Angular for the kicker. |
| Looking at a spot on the ceiling directly over your head involves what JOINT motion? | Hyperextension |
| Putting your hand in your back pocket involves what shoulder joint rotation? | Medial rotation |
| Picking up a pencil on the floor beside your chair invloves what trunk joint motion? | Lateral Bending |
| Putting your right ankle on your left knee involves what type of hip rotation? | Lateral (external) |
| What is the only difference between anatomical & fundamental positions? | The forearms are in neutral position in fundamental (palms facing thighs). |
| A.) If you place your hand on the back of a dog, that is referred to as what surface? B.) If you place your hand on the back of a person, that is referred to as what surface? | A. Dorsal B. Posterior |
| A person wheeling across a room in a wheelchair uses both linear & angular motion. Describe when each type of motion is being used. | A. Angular motion by the person to turn the wheels on the wheelchair. B. Linear when the person is crossing the room in the wheelchair. |
| A person lying on a bed staring at the ceiling is in what position? | Supine |
| When touching the left shoulder with the left hand, is a person using the contra- or ipsi-lateral hand? | Ipsilateral |
| What are the differences between the axial & appendicular skeletons? | The axial is important for providing support & protection & contains no long or short bones. The appendicular skeleton contains no irregular bones & provides the framework for movement. |
| Give one example of compact bone & one of cancellous bone. | The diaphysis of long bones consists of compact bone while cancellous bone is found in the metaphysis & epiphysis. (also found between layers of compact bone) |
| Which is heavier--compact or cancellous bone? And why? | A. Compact. B. Because it's less porous (more dense). |
| What type of bone is mainly invloved in an individual's growth in height? In what portion of the bone does this growth occur? | A. Long bones. B. Epiphysial portion (both the ends of each bone) |
| What is the purpose of a sesamoid bone? | Protect tendons from excess wear (Hallux). Can also increase movement (Patella). |
| Name the bone markings that can be classified as depressions & openings: | Foramen, Fossa, Groove, Meatus, Sinus |
| Name the bone markings that can be classified as projections or processes that fit into joints: | Condyle, Eminence, Facet, Head |
| Name the bone markings that can be classified as projections or processes that attach connective tissue: | Crest, Epicondyle, Line, Spine,Trochanter, Tuberosity, Tubercle |
| Classify the following bone markings: A.) Bicipital Groove B.)Humeral Head C.)Acetabulum | A.)Ditch-like depression (trough). B.)Rounded articular projection that fits into a joint (glenoid fossa). C.)Deep depression (Acetabular Fossa). |
| What is the name of the membrane that lines the medullary canal? | Endosteum |
| The main shaft of bone is called what? | Diaphysis |
| In children, does long bone growth occur at a traction epiphysis or at a pressure epiphysis? | Pressure Epiphysis |
| Is the humerus part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? | Appendicular |
| Is the clavicle part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? | Appendicular |
| Is the sternum part of the axial or appendicular skeleton? | Axial |
| What are 3 types of joints that allow little or no motion? | A joint that allows very little or no motion is referred to as a fibrous joint. 3 Types of Fibrous joints= A.)Synarthrosis B.)Syndesmosis C.) Gomphosis |
| What are the 2 terms for a joint that allows a great deal of motion? | A synovial joint or Diarthrosis (diarthroidal joint). |
| What 3 features describe a diarthroidal joint? | A.) the number of Axes. B.)The shape of the joint. C.) The joint motion involved. |
| What type of joint structure connects bone to muscle? | Tendon (think tender-meat) |
| What type of joint structure pads & protects areas of great friction? | Bursa |
| Where do you find hyaline cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage is located at the bone ends of synovial joints & provides a smooth articulating surface. |
| Explain fibrocartilage: | Fibrocartilage is thicker & is located between bones. It provides shock absorption & spacing. |
| Give an example of hyaline & fibrocartilage: | menisci of the knee & vertebral discs. |
| When the anterior surface of the forearm moves toward the anterior surface of the humerus, what joint motion is involved? B.) In what plane is the motion occurring & around what axis? | A.) Elbow Flexion. B.) The Saggital plane around the frontal axis. |
| What joint motions are involved in turning the palm of the hand? B.)In what plane is the motion occurring & around what axis? | A.)Forearm Pronation B.) The Transverse plane around the vertical axis. |
| What joint motion is involved in returning the fingers to anatomical position from the fully spread position? B.)In what plane is the motion occurring & around what axis? | A.) Finger ADduction (MP) B.)The Frontal plane around the saggital axis. |
| Give an example of a synarthrodial joint in the axial skeleton: | Bones in the skull |
| Diarthroidal, synovial, triaxial, & ball-&-socket are all terms to describe which joint in the upper extremities? B.) Could these same terms apply to a joint in the lower extremity? C.) What joint would this be? | A.) Shoulder joint B.) yes C.)Hip joint |
| Diarthrodial, synovial, biaxial, & saddle are all terms that could be used to describe which joint? | CMCJ of Thumb |
| What are 2 joint terms that could be used to describe the symphysis pubis? | Amphiarthrosis & Cartilaginous |
| What joint structure surrounds & encases the joint & protects the articular surfaces? | Joint Capsule |
| Identify the 11 degrees of freedom of the upper extremity: | A.) Shoulder=3 B.) Elbow=1 C.) Radioulnar=1 D.) Wrist=2 E.)MCP=2 F.) PIP=1 G.) DIP=1 |
| Is shoulder flexion & extension an arthrokinematic or osteokinematic type of motion? | Osteokinematic |
| You would feel what type of end feel at the end of the knee flexion range? | Soft Tissue Approximation |
| Flex the shoulder from an extended position:Is the humerus moving on the scapula, or is the scapula moving on the humerus? | Humerus is moving on the scapula |
| Flex the shoulder from an extended position: Is the Proximal end of the humerus a concave or convex joint surface? | Proximal is convex |
| Flex the shoulder from an extended position: Does the glenoid fossa of the scapula have a concave or convex joint surface? | Concave |
| Flex the shoulder from an extended position: Is the concave surface moving on a fixed convex surface, or is a convex surface moving on a fixed convave surface? | Convex surface is moving on a fixed concave surface |
| Flex the shoulder from an extended position: Is the joint surface moving in the same or opposite direction as the joint motion? | Opposite |
| Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Leaning on a table with your elbows extended | Compression (approximation) |
| Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Transferring from a wheelchair to the car using a sliding board | Shear |
| Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Picking up one end of a table | Traction (distraction) |
| Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Opening a jar | Torsional |
| Identify the accessory motion force(s) occurring in the following activities: Swinging a child around by her arms | Traction (distraction) |
| Is the temporomandibiular joint (TMJ) (jaw) in the close-packed position when the teeth are clenched or when the mouth is slightly open? | When the teeth are clenched |
| With 2 Pringles at opposite angles (Fig 13-2): Is the A/P shape of the bottom surface of the top chip concave or convex? | Convex |
| With 2 Pringles at opposite angles (Fig 13-2): Is the A/P shape of the top surface of the bottom chip concave or convex? | Concave |
| With 2 Pringles at opposite angles (Fig 13-2): Is the M/L shape of the bottom surface of the top chip concave or convex? | Concave |
| With 2 Pringles at opposite angles (Fig 13-2): Is the M/L surface of the bottom chip concave or convex? | Convex |
| With 2 Pringles at opposite angles (Fig 13-2): If these chips represented a joint, would the shape of the joint be ovoid or sellar? | Sellar |
| Rotating a quarter on its edge across the table demonstrates what type of arthrokinematics motion? | Roll |
| Lay the quarter flat on the table & hit it with your finger, sending it across the table. This would be what type of arthrokinematics motion? | Glide (slide) |
| Assuming muscles are of normal length & taking a person's ankle into dorsi-flexion, you would expect what type of end feel? | Soft Tissue Stretch |
| A person bends down to touch the floor in the sagittal plane: What type of force is applied to the anterior part of the vertebra? | Compression |
| A person bends down to touch the floor in the sagittal plane: What type of force is applied to the posterior part of the vertebra? | Distraction |
| Sitting in a chair, a man turns around to look behind him. What type of force is being applied to the vertebral column? | Torsional |
| The surfaces of the thumb joint(MCP)are what shape? | Ovoid |
| (A) Is the rotational motion at the thumb CMC joint considered a classical movement or an accessory movement (B) Why? | A.) Accessory B.) Rotation cannot be done alone~it occurs when that joint abducts & flexes thereby accomplishing opposition. |
| Place a pencil mark on 25¢ at the 6:00 & 12:00 positions. Lay the 5¢ piece flat. Roll the 25¢ across the flat 5¢ w/the edge of the 25¢ starting @ the 6:00 position: will it reach the end of the 5¢ before reaching 12:00? | Yes |
| Place a pencil mark on 25¢ at the 6:00 & 12:00 positions. Lay the 5¢ piece flat. Roll the 25¢ across the flat 5¢ w/the edge of the 25¢ starting @ the 6:00 position: which arthorkinematic motion will you need to reach the end of the 5¢ at 12:00? | Glide (slide) |
| Is shoulder distraction an arthrokinematic or osteokinematic type of motion? | Arthrokinematic |
| Vertically hold a pencil eraser between your thumb & index finger.Keeping the lead in contact with the table, roll the pencil between your fingers. What type of arthrokinematic motion is this? | Spin |
| Putting a weight cuff positioned at A) the wrist or B) the elbow would require more effort at the shoulder joint to move the weight cuff through shoulder ROM? Why? | A)The wrist. Because there is a longer resistance arm when the weight is around the wrist than when it is around the elbow. |
| 2 people have the same weight & BOS, but one is on stilts. Who is more stable? Why? | The shorter person who is not on stilts.Because they have a lower COG. |
| What is the resultant force of the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius muscles? (v-shape) | Up the center of the V |
| What is the resultant force of the sternal & clavicular portions of the pectoralis major? ( > shape) | laterally but slightly inferior to center towards larger side of angle |
| You are given 2 different sets of instructions. The 1st tells you to run 5 miles; the 2nd says to walk 30' to the North. Which is a vector/scalar quantity? | 5 Mls= Scalar (magnitude only) while 30' to N = Vector (magnitude + direction) |
| A delivery person has several boxes stacked on a hand truck. Would it take more force to push the hand truck when it is more horizontal or more vertical? Why? | Horizontal. The force arm remains constant, while changing the angle of the hand truck lengthens/shortens the resistence arm. Lowering load (horizontal)= more force. Raising load (more vertical)=less force (shorter resistence arm/less force). |
| Compare the push rims of a standard & racing wheelchair~the racing rims have much smaller push rims. What is the advantage of smaller push rims to a wheel chair racer? | The smaller push rim will travel a greater distance with a single push although it will require greater force. (demonstrates the concept of the wheel & axle) |
| In terms of BOS, why is it more difficult for a person in a wheelchair to balance on only the back wheels ("wheelie's") rather than on all 4 wheels? | The BOS of a wheelchair during a "wheelie" is very narrow. To maintain balance the person must keep the body's COG w/in that BOS. The BOS is very wide when the wheelchair is resting on all 4 wheels & it's easy to keep the body's COG within it. |
| 2 people are standing on the same side of a patient's bed. They plan to move the patient toward them by pulling on the draw sheet. this move would be what type of force: linear, parallel, concurrent, or force couple? | Linear Force |
| Prior to moving the patient, what can the people do to increase their own stability? | People need to get as close to the bed as possible as it shortens their lever arms; they need to move their legs apart~Esp in the A/P direction as it increases their BOS; they need to bend their knees slightly as it lowers their COG. |
| When cracking an almond with a nutcracker, will the almond be easier to crack if it is closer to the axis or closer to the end of the handles? Why? | Closer to the axis makes the resistance arm shorter = easier to crack. |
| Give an example of bony structures at the knee acting as a pulley to increase the angle of pull: | The med. condyles of the tibia & femur increase the angle of pull of the gracilis. The patella & femoral condyles increase the angle of pull for the quadriceps. |
| Explain why a person leans to the right when carrying a heavy suitcase in the left hand? If the suitcase was very heavy, what might the person do with their right arm? Why? | COG has shifted to left when carrying on left. By leaning to right, the COG is brought back over the BOS. A very heavy suitcase will further shift the COG, so besides leaning to right, they might also raise the right arm out to the side. |
| Why are rubber tips put on the ends of crutches? | To increase the amount of friction between the crutch tip & the ground to prevent slippage. |
Created by:
RadGirl13
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