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SB82 Oncology
SB82 ABSITE Oncology - loosely taken from Fiser's ABSITE Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most common cancer in women | Breast cancer |
| Most common cause of cancer-related death in women | Lung cancer |
| Most common cause of cancer-related death in men | Lung cancer |
| PET detects areas of high-metabolic rate, as illustrated by uptake of ___________________ | Fluorodeoxyglucose |
| T cells need this to be able to attack tumor cells ____________ | MHC complex |
| These immune cells can attack cancer cells independently ______________ | Natural killer cells |
| Tissue abnormality causing increased NUMBER of cells __________ | Hyperplasia |
| Tissue abnormality causing replacement of one tissue with another (as in GERD causing esophageal squamous epithelium to be replaced with gastric columnar cells) ____________ | Metaplasia |
| Tissue abnormality causing altered size, shape, and organization of cells (as in Barrett’s esophagus) _______________ | Dysplasia |
| Cancer associated with CEA ___________ | Colon |
| Cancer(s) associated with AFP ___________ | Liver, non-seminomatous germ cell tumors |
| Cancer(s) associated with Ca 19-9 ___________ | pancreas, biliary cancer |
| Cancer associated with CA 125 ________________ | Ovarian |
| Cancer(s) associated with beta HCG _____________ | testicular cancer and choriocarcinoma |
| Cancer associated with elevated PSA _____________ | Prostate |
| Cancer(s) associated with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) ______________ | small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, merkel cell carcinoma |
| The time between the development of the cancer and when it becomes clinically detectable is the _____________ | Latency period |
| EBV retrovirus is associated with which cancers? | Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| Cancer associated with HPV ___________ | Cervical |
| Cancer associated with H. pylori _____________ | Gastric |
| Cancer associated with Hep B ____________ | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Cancer(s) associated with HHV-8 (human herpes virus 8) _____________ | Kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma |
| Cancer(s) associated with Hep C ______________ | Splenic lymphoma and HCC |
| Definition of “proto-oncogenes” | Human genes with malignant potential |
| The phase of the cell cycle where the cell is most vulnerable to radiation ___________ | M phase |
| Damage to a cell through radiation is due to what process? | Formation of oxygen radicals |
| High-energy radiation preserves what body structure? _________ | Skin |
| Fractionated radiation has what benefits (three "R"s)? | Allows Repair of normal cells, allows Re-oxygenation of the tumor, and allows Redistribution of the cells in the cell cycle |
| Examples of very radiosensitive tumors (2) | Seminomas, lymphomas |
| Examples of very radio-resistant tumors (2) | Epithelial cancers, sarcomas |
| Placement of a source of radiation in or next to a tumor to provide high, concentrated doses of radiation is called ____________ | Brachytherapy |
| Cell-cycle non-specific agents exhibit a ___________ response to cell killing | Linear |
| Mechanism of taxol | Promotes microtubule formation and stabilization so cells cannot divide; cells rupture |
| Side effects of bleomycin and busulfan __________ | Pulmonary fibrosis |
| Examples of microtubule-inhibiting chemotherapeutic agents _____________ | Vincristine, vinblastine |
| Active metabolite in of cyclophosphamide ________ | Acrolein |
| Side effects of cyclophosphamide use (3) | Gonadal dysfunction, SIADH, hemorrhagic cystitis |
| Medication that can alleviate hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide ____________ | Mesna |
| An antihelminthic drug thought to stimulate the immune response against cancer _________ | Levamisole |
| Methotrexate inhibits purine synthesis, and ultimately DNA synthesis, by inhibiting this enzyme ______________ | Dihydrofolate reductase |
| What is the effect of leukovorin on the effect of 5-FU? | Increases the toxicity of 5-FU |
| What chemotherapeutic agent inhibits topoisomerase (which normally unwinds DNA)? __________ | Etoposide |
| Agent that causes cardiotoxicity due to formation of oxygen radicals ____________ | Doxorubicin |
| Purpose of GCSF in cancer treatment | Helps neutrophil recovery after chemotherapy |
| Side effect of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor | Sweet’s syndrome (acute febrile neutropenic dermatitis) |
| Proto-oncogenes and their associated defect: ras _____________ | G protein |
| Proto-oncogenes and their associated defect: src _____________ | Tyrosine kinase |
| Proto-oncogenes and their associated defect: sis _____________ | platelet-derived growth factor |
| Proto-oncogenes and their associated defect: erb B _____________ | Epidermal growth factor |
| Types of cancer associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome | Childhood sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, adrenal cancer |
| Cancer associated with the Ret proto-oncogene _____________ | Medullary thyroid cancer |
| Patients with Ret mutation plus positive family history of MEN syndrome should have this intervention __________ | Prophylactic total thyroidectomy (90% get medullary thyroid cancer) |
| The gene thought to comprise the “first hit” in development of colon cancer _________ | APC |
| The primary cancer associated with palpable axillary lymph node ______________ | Lymphoma |
| Cancer associated with suspicious periumbilical node ____________ | Pancreatic |
| Primary cause of bone metastases ________ | Breast cancer |
| Primary cause of metastases to the small bowel ________ | Melanoma |
| Survival rate from fully-resected colon cancer liver mets ___________ | 25% after 5 years |
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StudyBug82
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