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Chapter 17- Organism
Organizing Life's Diversity
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Classification | The grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria that helps organize, communicate, and retain information. |
Taxonomy | A discipline of Biology primarily concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying species based on natural relationships. |
Binomial Nomenclature | Linnaeus's system of naming organisms which gives a scientific two word Latin name to species- the first being the genus name and the second being the specific epithet. |
Classification Hierarchy | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
Domain | The broadest of all of the taxa; contains one or more kingdoms. |
Ancestral Character | Traits that two species share because of common ancestry. |
Derived Character | Traits that evolved in one species after it branched off from others. |
Outgroup | A species or group of species closely related to but not included within a taxon. |
Phylogeny | The evolutionary history of a species |
Cladogram | A branching diagram that represents the proposed evolutionary history of a species or group |
Archae | Any of the unicellular microorganisms that is genetically distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, and often inhabiting extreme environmental conditions. |
Bacteria | Microscopic prokaryotes. Most are benficial to humans and to the environment, but a small percentage can casue disease. |
Eukarya | The domain comprised of eukaryotes or organisms whose cells contain a true nucleus. |
Archaebacteria | Prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan. |
Eubacteria | Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan. |
Protista | A taxonomic kingdom comprised of protists, characterized by being eukaryotic and mostly single-celled |
Plantae | The taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants. |
Fungi | A (taxonomic) group that includes heterotrophic eukaryotes that are usually filamentous, devoid of chlorophyll, with chitinous cell wall, and produces spores. |
Animalia | Taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals. |
Taxon/Taxa | Any group or rank in a biological classification into which related organisms are classified. |