Organizing Life's Diversity
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| Classification | The grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria that helps organize, communicate, and retain information.
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| Taxonomy | A discipline of Biology primarily concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying species based on natural relationships.
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| Binomial Nomenclature | Linnaeus's system of naming organisms which gives a scientific two word Latin name to species- the first being the genus name and the second being the specific epithet.
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| Classification Hierarchy | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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| Domain | The broadest of all of the taxa; contains one or more kingdoms.
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| Ancestral Character | Traits that two species share because of common ancestry.
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| Derived Character | Traits that evolved in one species after it branched off from others.
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| Outgroup | A species or group of species closely related to but not included within a taxon.
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| Phylogeny | The evolutionary history of a species
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| Cladogram | A branching diagram that represents the proposed evolutionary history of a species or group
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| Archae | Any of the unicellular microorganisms that is genetically distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, and often inhabiting extreme environmental conditions.
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| Bacteria | Microscopic prokaryotes. Most are benficial to humans and to the environment, but a small percentage can casue disease.
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| Eukarya | The domain comprised of eukaryotes or organisms whose cells contain a true nucleus.
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| Archaebacteria | Prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
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| Eubacteria | Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan.
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| Protista | A taxonomic kingdom comprised of protists, characterized by being eukaryotic and mostly single-celled
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| Plantae | The taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants.
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| Fungi | A (taxonomic) group that includes heterotrophic eukaryotes that are usually filamentous, devoid of chlorophyll, with chitinous cell wall, and produces spores.
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| Animalia | Taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals.
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| Taxon/Taxa | Any group or rank in a biological classification into which related organisms are classified.
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