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Respiratory FC

Respiratory Part 1

QuestionAnswer
What does the Spirometer measure? Measures the volume of air inspired and/or expired. It can also be used to determine the rate of airflow
When you inspire how does the pen deflect on the spirometer? Expire? Upward, downward for expiration
What determines where the pen rest on the paper? How much air is in the spirometer
When the spirometer bell rises what does the pen do? When it descends? Bell rises during exhaling and pen descends. Bell descends during inhaling and pen rises.
What is the drum capable of doing? Rotating at different speeds
Which speed is the most useful on the spirometer? The fastest speed, the distance between any two lines in terms of time is 1 second. Allows you to measure the rate of air throughout.
To let air out normally what muscles do you use? You do not use your expiratory muscles. You allow your inspiratory muscles to relax.
Elasticity definition Resist distortion. (More elasticity=stiffer) Recoil. More you stretch it, the harder it pulls back. Lungs are always trying to get smaller.
Tidal Volume Volume of gas INSPIRED during quiet breathing
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) Volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a PASSIVE expiration. FRC= ERV +RV
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) Maximal volume of gas that can be inspired from resting exipiratory level. IC = IRV + V(T)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) Additional volume of gas that can be inspired from end-tidal inspiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) Additional volume of gas that can be expired from resting expiratory level.
Residual Volume (RV) Volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration. This can never be exhaled. You cannot measure RV with a spirometer b/c it is always in the lungs.
Vital Capacity (VC) Maximal volume that can be expired after a maximal expiration. Forced Vital Capacity. VC= IRV+ V(T) + ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) Volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration.
Name factors that lung volumes depend on Age, weight and gender
Minute Volume Tidal volume * frequency
What is dead space? Air in the respiratory tree that does not engage in gas exchange.
What is anatomical dead space? The walls of the conducting airways from trachea to terminal bronchioles are too thick for gas exchange. Air in the conducting airway occupies anat dead space.
Name the structures in the respiratory tree Trachea, Terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli
What changes in the anatomical dead space? The composition of air. The volume stays the same.
Alveolar dead space Air in the gas exchange portions of the lung that does not engage in gas exchange (due to defect. ex. embolus)
What is physiological dead space? The total dead space which equals anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space
What does it mean if a persons physiological dead space= anatomical dead space? That means that they are normal
What does it mean if their physiological dead space is greater than their anatomical dead space? Indicates presence of alveolar dead space.
What is the equation for calculating fresh air in the alveolar? Tidal volume-dead space
What is the equation for the frequency at which fresh air enters the alveolar? (Tidal volume-dead space)f
To get fresh air to the alveolar what must the tidal volume be compared to the dead space? Tidal volume should be larger than the dead space.
What type of breathing allows more fresh air into the alveolar? Deep and slow breathing
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