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TherEx Higgins 7
Chapter 7 Strengthening
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Troponin | Specific protein located on the actin filaments. Calcium binds to it. |
| Tropomyosin | Thin strands of protein that are wrapped around the actin filaments. |
| Excitation Contraction Coupling | Process where Action potential depolarizes across the sarcolemma, down the t-tubules, causes the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum onto sarcomeres. Calcium binds to to troponin and rotates tromyosin revealing actin active sites. |
| All or none principle | When the motor neuron receives a sufficient activation or stimulus, all of the muscle fibers in the unit will contract. |
| Slow-twitch muscle fibers | use oxygen and are more resistant to fatigue than fast twitch fibers |
| Fast twitch fibers | FO, FOG, use both oxygen and glycogen for energy |
| Muscular performance | refers too the muscle's ability to do work. |
| Work | Ability to move a force a given distance. W = F x D. |
| Muscular strength | a muscle's ability to generate force |
| Muscular endurance | the ability to perform repeated muscular activity against an external resistance over an extended period. |
| Power | Incorporates both strength and speed. P=(FxD)/Time or P=W/T |
| Isometric exercise | Muscle contracts producing tension, but does not change length. Early stages of rehabilitation. |
| Variations of Isometric exercise | Setting exercises, static isometric exercise, and multiangle isometric exercise |
| Valsalva maneuver | a rapid increase in patient's blood pressure due to holding breath |
| Concentric contraction | muscle shortening in length while generating enough force to overcome an external resistance. |
| Eccentric contraction | muscle lengthening to slow down a resistance that is greater than the muscle's force producing capacity |
| Muscle Hypertrophy | Increase in muscle mass |
| Muscle atrophy | Loss of muscle mass |
| Angle of muscle application | Application of force and the length of the lever arm being used affects the amount of force generated by a given muscle |
| Length-tension relationship | Muscle cannot generate maximal force production when it is either maximally lengthened or maximally shortened. Principle best applied on two joint muscles. |
| Chronological age | Negatively affects a muscle's ability to produce force. Max strength gains in the early to mid-twenties. |
| Overload principle | To increase a muscle's strength and performance, the muscle must be continually challenged to work at a higher level than it is accustomed. |
| Open chain kinetic movements | Proximal joints influence the distal joints position and function |
| Closed chain kinetic movements | proximal joint motions are influenced from the ground up |
| Progressive resistive exercise(PRE) | refers to continually overloading muscle as strength and endurance improve. PRE is essential to building strength, poer, and endurance by continually overloading the involved muscle. |
| SAID Principle | specific adaptations to improved demands |
| DeLorme-Watkins Protocol | 3x10 based on % of 10RM, increasing weight |
| Oxford Protocol | 3x10 % of 10RM, decreasing weight |
| Daily Adjusted Progressive Resistive Exercise (DAPRE) | Based on 5 of 6RM. Specific |
| Periodization | divide the competition year to ensure that the athlete will peak at the right time of year |
| PNF Strengthening | Exercises that enhance a neuromuscular response through the stimulation of proprioceptors. PNF require placing a resitance to a muscle where a response is desired. |
| PNF Patterns | D1 Flexion and Extension and D2 Flexion and extension. 3 planes of movement. |
Created by:
WalkerChance
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