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Physio Ch. 14 C
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pH regulation involves either the..or the... | gain of H+ > dec pH ...loss of H+ > ^ pH |
| gain of H+ > dec pH is generated from... | co2, metabolic production of nonvolatile acids from proteins, loss of bicarb in diarrhea and loss of hco3- in urine |
| gain of H+ generation from co2 through the equation...and most... | co2 + h20 <> h2co3 <> hco3- + H+...H+ is bound to Hb |
| generate more H+ from co2 as a result of | hypoventilation or respiratory disease |
| metabolic production of nonvolatile acids from proetins include..through... | phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and lactic acid...cellular anaerobic respiration |
| loss of bicarb in diarrhea is the same as a.. | gain of H+ |
| loss of hco3- in urine is the same as a | gan of h+ |
| loss of H+ > ^pH caused by | hyperventilation, metabolism of organic ions, vomitting and urinating |
| pH ranges necessary for life:...variance beyond this range can... | 6.8 < pH < 7.8...not maintain life |
| blood pH normal value is...which [H+] =.. | 7.4...40 nmol/L |
| acceptable ranges | pH: 7.35-7.45, [H+]: 35 - 45 nmol/L |
| acidemia or acidosis is when the pH is | less than 7.35 |
| alkalemia or alkalosis is when the pH is | more than 7.45 |
| emia is the...and osis is the... | condition...process |
| pH buffers (acid buffers) do what... | reversibly binds H+ (buffer- + H+ <> Hbuffer_ |
| buffer- + H+ =...and Hbuffer=... | buffer...weak acid |
| pH buffers help maintain..and involves the... | pH...CO2 & HCO3- system |
| free hco3- can | buffer nonvolatile acids(lactic acid, etc) |
| pH buffers also include | Hb and H+ system (H+ +Hb <> HHb) |
| classification of acidemia/acidosis: artial blood pH....and can either be... | < 7.35...respiratory or metabolic |
| respiratory acidosis means you altered...and you have excess...>...>... | patterns of respiration...co2 > ^ pco2 & [H+] > dec blood pH |
| excess co2 > ^ pco2 & [H+] > dec blood pH is caused by...and is seen with... | hypoventilation...lung diseases like copd |
| metabolic acidosis is... | nonrespiratory altered patterns of H+ and HCO3- excretion and production |
| metabolic acidosis is the result of either | excess production of acids or excess loss of hco3- |
| excess production of acids > | dec blood pH > ^ production of metabolic acids (H+ from nonvolatile acids) |
| excess loss of hco3- > | dec blood pH > loss of bases or buffers from gastrointestinal tract |
| classification of alkalemia/alkalosis: arterial blood pH:...and is either... | > 7.45...respiratory or metabolic |
| respiratory alkalosis: altered...with low...caused by... | patterns of respiration...co2 > dec pco2 and [H+] > ^ blood pH...hyperventilation |
| metabolic alkalosis is...from things like... | nonrespiratory altered patterns of H+ & hco3- excretion and production ...vomitting |
| metabolic alkalosis is produced by either | excess loss of acids or excess production of hco3- |
| excess loss of acids >...from the... | ^ blood pH...GI tract |
| excess production of hco3- > | ^ blood pH |
| mechanisms of pH regulation is called...and can be done by either the... | compensation...lungs or kidneys |
| the lungs compensate for | non-respiratory changes in [H+] (metabolic only) |
| in metabolic acidosis the lungs | excret excess H+ via co2(hyperventilate) |
| in metabolic alkalosis the lungs | retain H+ via co2 (hypoventilate) |
| the kindeys are the major means of | compensation for changes in [H+] (metabolic or respiratory) |
| in metabolic or respiratory acidosis the kidneys | excrete excess H+ |
| in metabolic or respiratory alkalemia the kidneys... | retain H+ by getting rid of Hco3- |
| acidemia/acidosis is when the blood pH is...and the respiratory response is to... | < 7.35...hyperventilate |
| hyperventilating increases..>...>... | [H+] > ^ stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors > ^ stimulation of medullary inspiratory neurons |
| blowing off co2 % dec alveolar Pco2 means that pco2...and its effect on blood pH is what? | pco2 < 40 mm Hg....^ pH |
| alkalemia/alkalosis: blood pH is...and you... | > 7.45...hypoventilate |
| hypoventilating decreases...>...>... | [H+]...dec stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors...dec stimulation of medullary inspiratory neurons |
| hypoventilating helps you | retain co2 & ^ alveolar Pco2 |
| hypoventilating means you pco2 is...and what effect does this have on pH? | pco2 > 40 mm Hg...dec pH |
| addition of hco3- is equivalent to...and during acidosis you... | removing H...reabsorb hco3 (basically means you're not losing any) |
| removal of hco3- from the kidneys is equivalent to...so with alkalosis you...which does what to pH? | adding H...excrete hco3-...decreases it |
| hco3- excretion = | hco3 filtered + hco3 secreted - reabsorbed |
| glomerular filtration of hco3- | fully filtered |
| tubular reabsorption of hco3- is the...and happens in the.. | most important mechanism....prox tubule, ascending limb and cortical collecting duct |
| tubular reabsorption depends upon | H+ tubular secretion |
| tubular secretion is...bec its all... | insignificant....filtered so either it gets reabsorbed or it doesn't |
| tubular reabsorption of hco3- happens indirectly from | filtered hco3- |
| tubular reabsorption of hco3 happens in...and the equation goes | tubules..backwards (hco3 + h > h2co3 > h2o + co2) |
| tubular reabsorption of hco3: the co2 is in the...and the equation goes... | cell..forward (co2 + h > h2co3 > hco3 + h) |
| co2 in the cell: hco3 diffuses into...and h+ is... | interstitial space and into capillary...secreted into lumen |
| tubular reabsorption process can be... | repeated |
| in tubular reabsorption of hco3 there is no... | net gain of hco3 or net loss of h+ |
| no net gain of hco3 because there is only | reabsorption |
| no net loss of h+ because | co2 and h2o are taken back in to the cell so they are available to cycle again |
| tubular production of new bicarb means that no | filtered hco3 is available |
| tubular production of new bicarb uses | alternate buffer in lumen - usually phosphate (hpo) |
| co2 in the cell (for tubular production of new bicarb) | co2 + h20 > h2co3 > hco3 + h, hco3 diffuses into interstitial space and into capillary and h+ transported back to lumen |
| during tubular production of new bicarb there is | net gain of hco3 in the blood and excretion of h in urine |
| tubular production of new bicarb also involves | glutamate metabolism |
| glutamate metabolism: glutamate from...and is converted to... | peritubular capillaries and lumen...hco3 and nh4 |
| during glutamate metabolism hco3 | diffuses into interstitial space and into capillary |
| during glutamate metaboism, nh4 | is transported back to lumen (excreted) |
| during glutamate metabolism there is | net gain of hco3 in the blood and excretion of h in the urine |
| acidemia/acidosis response is | H excretion and hco3 reabsorption |
| acidemia completely...and... | reabsorbs all hco3...generates new hco3 & excrete H |
| generation of new hco3 and excretion of h involves an alternation of...as well as..and the urine becomes... | tubular buffers (hpo)...glutamate metabolism...acidic |
| alkalemia/alkalosis response | reduced h secretion and increased hco3 excretion |
| alkalemia doe snot | reabsorb all hco3 and it does not generate new hco3 |
| alkalemia doesn't reabsorb all hco3 bec there isn't | enough h available to reabsorb all hco3 |
| alkalemia doesn't generate new hco3 which reduces...and the urine becomes... | glutamate metabolism...basic |
| normal blood values or concentrations | pH 7.34-7.45 PCO2: 35-45 mm Hg and hco3: 22-30 mEq/L |
| ex. pH 7.32, pco2 28 mm Hg, hco3 14 mEq/L | metabolic acidosis, respiratory compensation |
| ex. pH 7.58, pco2 20 mm Hg, hco3 14 mEq/L | respiratory alkalosis, metabolic compensation |
Created by:
handrzej
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