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INTO CH 3
THE SHIP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WHAT IS GT/NT - WHATS ITS BASIS OF CALCULATION | GT IS A MEASURE OF THE ENCLOSED SPACE OF A VESSEL. A TON BEING 100 CUBIC FEET. NET TONNAGE REFERS TO THE TOTAL TONNAGE LESS MACHINERY AND ACCOMMONDATION. TON VARIES BETWEEN 95 & 105 CUBIC FEET. THESE ARE USED FOR MIN CREWING LEVELS |
| WHAT IS DISPLACEMENT TONNAGE, LIGHT DISPLACEMENT AND DWAT, DWCC. | LOADED DISPL IS FULLY LOADED VESSEL. LIGHT DISPL IS JUST THE VESSEL AND INDICATES SCRAP WEIGHT. DWAT IS THE DIFF BETWEEN THE 2 AND MEANS THE CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE VESSEL INCL BUNKERS, CARGO AND CONSTANT. DWCC IS JUST THE CARGO CAP, ASSUMES FULL BUNKERS |
| HOW IS THE VESSELS MAX DWAT DETERMINED. | THE DWAT IS WHEN THE VESSEL IS DOWN TO MARKS, THIS IS INDICATED ON THE LOADLINE OR PLIMSOLL LINE AND IS AN 18 INCH LINE CUTTING THROUGH A 12 INCH CIRCLE. |
| HOW DID THE LOADLINE ARISE. | 1876 SAMUEL PLIMSOLL URGED PARLIAMENT TO PASS THE 1ST MERCHANT SHIPPING ACT.IT GAVE RIGHTS TO DETAIN UNSAFELY LOADED VESSELS. LOADLINE ORIGINALLY ON STARBOARD SIDE. |
| WHERE DOES THE FREEBOARD COME INTO THE LOADLINE | FREEBOARD THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SALT WATER SUMMER LOADLINE AND THE LOWEST DECK. THAT DETERMINES THE SAFETY OF THE VESSEL. LOADLINES DENOTED WITH L MEANS THAT IT CAN CARRY TIMBER TO THAT LOADLINE. |
| WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ZONES ON A LOADLINE | TF = TROPICAL FRESH F = FRESH WATER T=TROPICAL S=SALT WATER SUMMER = CENTRE OF LOADLINE W=SALT WATER WINTER WNA =SALT WATER NORTH ATLANTIC |
| WHAT IS TPC AND DEADWEIGHT SCALE | TONNES PER CENTIMETRE. FOR EVERY TONNE ADDED TO THE VESSEL, IT WILL INCREASE ITS DRAUGHT BY 1CM. NOTE IT IS NOT A LINEAR SCALE. DEADWEIGHT SCALE GIVEN BY THE BUILDERS. SCALE SHOWS LIGHT DISPLACEMENT AT THE START WITH DWAT OF ZERO.ALSO SHOWS LOADLINE. |
| HOW IS A STOW FACTOR DENOTED. WHAT DOES IT SHOW. | MEASURED AS GRAIN OR CUBIC. DETAILS WHAT SPACE A TONNE OF CARGO WILL FILL IN THE HOLD. THE LOWER THE SF THE MORE WEIGHT CAN BE CARRIED. GRAIN AROUND 10% MORE THAN BALE.MEASURED IN CUBIC MTRS OR FT. |
| EXPLAIN WHAT DEAD WEIGHT and MEASUREMENT TONNAGE IS. | |
| HOW IS A STOW FACTOR DENOTED. WHAT DOES IT SHOW. | MEASURED AS GRAIN OR CUBIC. DETAILS WHAT SPACE A TONNE OF CARGO WILL FILL IN THE HOLD. THE LOWER THE SF THE MORE WEIGHT CAN BE CARRIED. GRAIN AROUND 10% MORE THAN BALE.MEASURED IN CUBIC MTRS OR FT. |
| EXPLAIN WHAT DEAD WEIGHT and MEASUREMENT TONNAGE IS. | DEADWEIGHT IS WHERE A CARGO HAS A STOW FACTOR THAT WILL FILL THE VESSEL AND BE DOWN TO MARKS. SHIPS HAVE SF OF AROUND 50 CUBIC. ANYTHING OTHER THAN THIS IS MEASUREMENT CARGO. |
| HOW DO YOU LOAD AND DISCHARGE A TANKER | THE SHORE USE PUMPS TO LOAD AND THE VESSEL PUMPS TO DISCHARGE. |
| WHAT TYPES OF VESSELS WOULD YOU EXPECT TO SEE CARGO HANDLING GEAR | 1. CONTAINER FEEDER VESSELS 2. GENERAL PURPOSE VESSELS 3. SMALL BULK CARRIERS |
| WHAT CARGO GEAR HISTORICALLY WOULD YOU SEE ON THESE VESSELS | SHIPS DERRICK WHICH WAS A MAST WHICH WAS ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF THE MAST AND HOIST WIRE TO THE TOP. OR ALTERNATIVELY STEAM OR ELECTRIC WINCHES. |
| WHAT WOULD YOU NORMALLY SEE TODAY FOR GEAR ON VESSELS. WHAT CAPACITY WOULD YOU EXPECT AND WHATS THE CURRENT TRENDS. HEAVY LIFT SHIPS CAPACITY IS WHAT. | DECK CRANES ARE MORE POPULAR. NORMAL RANGE OF THE SAFE WORKING LOAD OF 10-40 TONNES. TRENDING TOWARDS HIGHER SWL. HEAVY LIFT SHIPS USE UPWARDS OF 320 TONNES. |
| WHY HAVE OWNERS OPTED FOR CRANES | ALTHOUGH EXPENSIVE AND SOPHISTICATED TO MAINTAIN, THE RATE LOAD/DISCHARGE REDUCES PORT TIME AND THUS MORE JOURNEYS. |
| WHAT ARE THE GENERAL SIZES AND DESC OF BULK CARRIERS HANDY SIZE AND HANDY MAX | HANDYSIZE 20-35 DWT (70% MKT) H MAX 40-50DW HAVE BETWEEN 5-6 HOLDS WHICH ARE SQUARE AND REFERRED TO AS OPEN HOLD. OPERATES IN A WIDE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA DUE TO SMALLER DRAUGHTS. USUALLY GEARED CARGOES:GRAINS,STEEL,FERTILISER, FORESTY,ORE SEE IMAGE O |
| EXPLAIN WHAT IS A PANAMAX VESSEL | LARGEST VESSEL TO PASS THE PANAMA CANAL AROUND 75.5 DWT. VESSELS AT HIGHER END WOULD NEED TO BE PART LOADED OR HAVE HIGH SF CARGO. LOA 290 MTRS,BEAM 32 MTRS DRAFT 12.0 MTRS 7 HOLDS OFT GEARED. SAME MKT AS CAPESIZE. CARGO:MAINLY COAL, GRAIN |
| WHAT IS A CAPESIZE VESSEL | TYPICALLY ANY VESSEL THAT CANT TRANSIT SUEZ OR PANAMA CANAL. 9 HOLDS SIDE ROLLING HATCH COVERS GEARLESS GRAIN, COAL OR ORE NUMBER OF PORTS RESTRICTED DUE TO DRAFT. 80-200 DWT |
| WHAT HAVE BEEN THE LATEST DESIGN CHANGES FOR THE BULK CARRIER AND WHY. | MOST SINGLE SKIN DESIGN ANTICIPATE IMO REGULATION CHANGE FROM 2000 FOR DOUBLE HULLS - CHANGE DIDNT HAPPEN BUT IACS INTRODUCED NEW COMMON STRUCTURAL RULES FOR BULK >150M & LRGE TANKERS. 25 YEARS LIFE UNDER WNA CONDITIONS. |
| WHAT LIMITATIONS WILL BE PLACED ON BULK CARRIER OLDER THAN APRIL 2006. | APRIL 2006 SAW IASC COMING INTO EFFECT. AT VESSELS 10TH YEAR, STRUCTURAL STRENGTHENING MUST BE MADE. IF NOT THEN LIMITATIONS ON DENSITY OF CARGO AND ALTERNATE HOLD LOADING. IN EFFECT WILL ONLY BE ABLE TO CARRY 90% OF PREV CAPACITY. |
| HOW DO SOME OF THE LARGE VESSELS HOLDS DIFFER TO THAT OF THE GENERAL CARGO SHIP | GENERAL CARGO SHIPS HAVE SQUARE HOLDS SO THAT IT CAN CARRY TIMBER,STEEL, SCRAP ETC. LARGER VESSELS WILL HAVE HOLDS THAT SELF TRIM TOWARDS THE CENTRE OF THE HOLD TO ENABLE EASIER DISCHARGE. ALSO STOPS CARGO MOVEMENT DURING PASSAGE. |
| WHAT ARE SOME ADDITIONAL ASPECTS OF SAFETY FOR THE VESSEL WITH SLOPED HOLDS | THE SLOPED SECTIONS ARE WATER BALLAST TANKS TO ENABLE STABILITY WHEN SAILING IN BALLAST. |
| WHAT ARE THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BULK AND ORE CARRIERS | |
| WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENT CARRIERS | EQUIPPED WITH PUMPS FOR DISCHARGE. HOLDS SEALED TO STOP WATER INGRESS. |
| WHAT CAN BE SOME OF THE TWEEN DECKERS CHAREACTERISTICS. BY WHAT OTHER NAME ARE THEY KNOWN | KNOWN AS MULTI PURPOSE VESSELS EMPLOYED IN BOTH TRAMP TRADE TO CARRY TIMBER, GRAIN,STEEL FERTILISER OR CONTAINERS. TRADE.THEY CAN HAVE MOVEABLE BULK HEADS FOR CARGO SEPARATION.MOST HAVE GEAR.GOOD FOR PROJECT CARGOES. MACGREGOR HATCHES. |
| WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DO CEMENT SHIPS HAVE | MANY ARE SELF DISCHARGERS. MANY HAVE BEEN ADAPTED WITH MAN HOLE COVERS IN THE HATCHES. PIPES ARE INSERTED TO LOAD. HATCHES ARE BOLTED TO STOP WATER INGRESS. |
| HOW CAN THE TYPE OF TANKER VESSELS BE CATORGORISED. GIVE APPROX SIZES | TANKER MARKER SPLIT BETWEEN CRUDE/PRODUCT TANKERS AND CHEMICAL/SPECIALIST TANKERS. CRUDE OIL 1.ULCC - 300-500K DWAT 2.VLCC - 150-300K DWAT 3.MLCC - 70-150K DWAT 4.PRODUCT CARRIERS - 26-50K (HANDY MAX) OR - 12-26K (HANDY SIZE) |
| CRUDE OIL MARKET - WHAT TRADE ROUTES DO THE VARIOUS TANKERS SERVE. | 1.ULCC - MAJOR ROUTES ARE ARABIAN GULF (SAUDI ARABIA, UAE, IRAN ETC) TO FAR EAST IE CHINA, JAPAN, KOREA. EUROPE (NORWAY/UK) TO NORTH AMERICA LIMITED PORTS CAN ACCOMONDATE VESSELS. 2.VLCC AS ABOVE,CAN TRANSIT SUEZ AND MED. 3. MLCC SHORT HAUL GREAT FLEX. |
| WHERE ARE THE MAJOR REFINERIES LOCATED AND WHAT ARE THE MAJOR ROUTES FOR PRODUCT CARRIERS | 1.USA 2.WESTERN EUROPE 3 ASIA PACIFIC ALL NEAR THE MARKETS THEY SERVE. USA IMPORT DIESEL FROM EUROPE EUROPE IMPORT GASOLINE FROM USA LACK OF REFINING CAPACITY IN CERTAIN REGIONS HAS LED TO PANAMAX OR AFRAMAX VESSELS BEING UTILISED FROM MIDDLE EAST. |
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KJPARKER28
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