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INTRO CH 1
REASONS FOR SEA TRANSPORT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| WHY IS SHIPPING REFERRED TO DERIVED DEMAND | THERE IS NO DEMAND FOR VESSELS PER SE, BUT ONLY THE UNDERLYING CARGO THEY CARRY. |
| HOW IS THE SPEED OF SHIPS REFERRED TO | KNOTS OR NAUTICAL MILES PER HOUR |
| WHAT DOES CABOTAGE MEAN | HAS TWO MEANINGS: 1. COASTAL SHIPPING 2. THE RESTRICTION OF TRADE WHO'S VESSELS ARE REGISTERED IN THAT COUNTRY. A FORM OF PROTECTIONISM |
| WHAT ARE THE 4 RESOURCES THAT ARE UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD | 1. LAND - CLIMATE AND GEOLOGY 2. LABOUR - COST OF LIVING, EXPERTISE 3. ENTERPRISE - AUTOMATION OF INDUSTRY 4. CAPITAL - RELATES TO INFRASTRUCTURE RAIL, ROADS ETC |
| WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ADVANTAGE A COUNTRY CAN HAVE OVER ANOTHER | 1. ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE 2. COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE |
| GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE | JAPANESE IMPORTING COAL FROM AUSTRALIA. JAPANESE HAS NO RESOURCES. AUSTRALIA HAS OPEN CAST MINES LESS LABOUR AND CAPITAL INTENSIVE. NATURAL DISASTERS HAVE INCREASED JAPANS SHORT TERM REQUIREMENTS. |
| GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE | CHINESE EXPORTS OF PART/FULLY MANUFACTURED COMPUTER GOODS TO USA/EUROPE. LABOUR COSTS NEGLIGIBLE - WTO 2001 ENTRY. FDI GRANTS BY CHINESE GOVTS. |
| HOW DOES CLIMATE IMPACT ON IMPORT/EXPORTS | UK FOR EXAMPLE COULD NOT GROW COCONUTS OR COFFEE WITH ANY DEGREE OF SUCCESS, BUT CAN GROW POTATOES AND OTHER ROOT VEGATABLES |
| GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW GEOLOGY PLAYS ITS PART IN IMPORTS/EXPORTS OF THE UK | UK AND AUSTRALIA HAVE COAL SEAMS, THE UK ALSO AS NORTH SEA GAS RIGS. WE HAVE NO NATURAL COPPER OR NICKEL MINES. |
| GIVE EXAMPLES OF HOW LABOUR AND ENTERPRISE CAN CHANGE A COUNTRIES ADVANTAGE | JAPANESE MANUFACTURING DURING THE 1980' WITH JIT. OFFSET THE HIGHER WAGE COSTS TO ENABLE CARS TO BE EXPORTED WORLDWIDE. QUALITY PRODUCTS AT GOOD PRICES. NOW BEING CHALLENGED BY KIA AS JAPANESE LABOUR COSTS RISE. SHIPBUILDING IN CHINA/KOREA NOW CHEAP. |
| HOW CAN THE POLITICAL CLIMATE INFLUENCE TRADE | BARRIERS TO ENTRY-IMPORT TAXES IF COUNTRY SEEKS TO PROTECT ITS OWN INDUSTRIES.SUBSIDIES TO ENCOURAGE FDI. EXAMPLE CHINA MEMBER OF THE WTO 2001. SUEZ CRISIS 1965-1973 |
| WHY DOES AN INCREASE FOR THE DEMAND FOR GOODS NOT ALWAYS EQUATE TO AN INCREASE IN THE DEMAND FOR SHIPS | THE MARKET FOR THE GOODS MAY SHIFT, WHICH MEANS THAT RAIL.ROAD OR TRANSPORT COULD BE UTILIED CHEAPER OR THE USE OF PIPELINES. |
| HOW HAVE TRADING PATTERNS CHANGED OVER THE YEARS | EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IMPORTED GOODS FROM THEIR TERRITORIES, WHO DELIBERATELY DEVELOPED ITEMS TO TRADE. NOW EUROPE HAVE FORGED LINKS CLOSER TO HOME, LEAVING TERRITORIES TO FIND OTHER MARKETS. |
| GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A CHANGE TO TRADE PATTERNS THAT HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH ACTUAL FACTORS OF PRODUCTION. | TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN SHIPPING DESIGN ENABLED GREATER CARGOES TO BE CARRIED AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE. TANKERS AND LINERS. |
| WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN TRADES IN SHIPPING | LINER TRADES AND BULK TRADES. THE BULK TRADES ARE FURTHER SPLIT INTO DRY BULK AND TANKERS. |
| WHATS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE DRY BULK CARGO VESSELS | TRAMP TRADE - AS THEY TRAMP FROM ONE JOB TO ANOTHER. |
| WHAT TYPE OF ECONOMIC MARKET DO THE TRAMP TRADE OPERATE IN FOR FREIGHT RATE NEGOTIATION | ECONOMISTS CALL THIS PERFECT COMPETITION |