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Lecture #9
DNA Replication and Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA Replications | a. Semi-conservative b. Replication is bidirectional and initiates at specific site c. Chromosomes ends require special replication d. Replication requires multiple enzymatic reactions |
| What were the 3 models of replication propose? | 1. Semi-conservative 2. Conservative 3. Dispersive |
| Semi-conservative | DNA replication produces DNA molecules with 1 parental and 1 newly made strand |
| Conservative | DNA replications produces 1 double helix with both parental strands and other with 2 new daughter strands. |
| Dispersive | DNA replication produces DNA strands in which segments of new DNA are integrated with parental strand. |
| DNA is copied semi-conservative | a. 2 parental strands separate and serves as template strands. b. new nucleotides must obey the AT/GC rule c. end results with 2 new double helix and with same base sequence as original |
| What is the origin of replication? | site of start point for replication |
| Which way is replication going? | Replication is bidirectional in which it proceeds outward in both directions |
| How is bacteria and eukaryotic differ in their replication? | Bacteria has only a single point of replication while eukaryote has multiple origins of replication |
| What is the origin of replication? | it forms an opening called a replication bubble that forms two replication folks. |
| Where is DNA replication occur? | near the folk |
| How is DNA synthesis begins? | It begins with a primer attached and proceeds from 5-3 prime |
| Leading strand | Made in direction fork is moving and synthesize as one long continuous strand and only require one primer |
| Lagging strand | It is made as Okazaki fragments that have to be connected later and requires multiple primer |
| Synthesize Lagging strand | a. Primase synthesizes short RNA oligonucleotides copied from DNA b. DNA polymerase III elongates RNA primers with new DNA c. DNA polymerase I removes RNA at the 5 prime end of neighboring fragment and fills the gap d. DNA ligase connect the DNA |
| DNA helicase | binds to DNA and travels from 5 to 3; uses ATP to separate strands and move fork. |
| DNA topoisomerase | relieves additional coiling ahead of replication fork |
| Single-strand binding protein | keep parental strands single-stranded, so they can act as template |
| DNA polymerase | covalently links nucleotides and uses deoxynucleoside triphosphate |
| Deoxynucleoside triphosphate | breaking covalent bonds to release pyrophosphate provides energy to connect adjacent nucleotides |
| Characteristic of DNA polymerase | 1. unable to initiate DNA synthesis if there is no template strand. Primase must make a short RNA primer and then primer is then removed and replaced with DNA 2. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in a 5 to 3 prime direction |
| 5 types of DNA polymerase | 1. Polymerase III which is responsible for replication 2. DNA polymerase I has single subunit which is to remove RNA primer and fills in DNA 3. DNA II, IV involved in repair and replicate damage DNA |
| What happen if there is not any template strand to go off? | This causes DNA strand to shortens and it can be solves |
| Telomeres | series of repeated sequences of DNA and its only in eukryotes at the 3 prime end, it does not have a complementary strand and its called an 3 prime overhang |
| Telomerase | it prevents the chromosome from shortening and attached many copies of repeated DNA sequences to the ends of chromosome and provide upstream site for RNA primer |
Created by:
mung44
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