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Biology 2 exam set 3
1st 9 wks exam chapter 3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings | ecology |
contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air or atmosphere | biosphere |
FIB: The biosphere extends from ___ kilometers about Earth's surface to as far as ___kilometers below the surface of the ocean | 8; 11 |
a group of orgamisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring | species |
groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area | population |
assemblages of different populations that lived together in a defined area | communities |
collection of organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment | ecosystem |
a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities | biome |
FIB: the main energy source for life on earth | sunlight |
FIB: the sun's energy that reaches the earth's surface is about ____ percent used by living things | 1 |
organisms that capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food | autotrophs |
FIB: organisms that can capture energy from sunlight ion chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds | producers |
process which plants and some other organisms use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygem and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches | photosynthesis |
when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates | chemosynthesis |
organisms that can rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply | heterotrophs |
hexatrophs? | oonsumers |
obtain energy y eating other plants | herbivores |
eat animals | carnivores |
eat both plants and animals | omnivores |
feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter | detritmores |
break down organic matter | decomposers |
a series of steps in which organisms tranfer energy by eating and being eaten | food chain |
when the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions | food web |
each step in a food chain or food web | trophic level |
a diagram that shows that relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each tropic level in a food chain or food web | ecological pyramid |
total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level | biomass |
FIB: ___% of the body is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen | 95 |
list 4 things that make up 95 % of the body | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen |
the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas | evaporation |
loss of water from a plant through its leaves | transpiration |
all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life | nutrients |
FIB: nitrogen gas makes up _____% of the earth's atmosphere | 78 |
process to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia | nitrogen fixation |
other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas | denitrification |
the rate at which organic matter is created by producers | primary productivity |
when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly | limiting nutrient |
when an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient | algal bloom |