1st 9 wks exam chapter 3
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| scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings | ecology
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| contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water, and air or atmosphere | biosphere
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| FIB: The biosphere extends from ___ kilometers about Earth's surface to as far as ___kilometers below the surface of the ocean | 8; 11
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| a group of orgamisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring | species
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| groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area | population
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| assemblages of different populations that lived together in a defined area | communities
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| collection of organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment | ecosystem
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| a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities | biome
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| FIB: the main energy source for life on earth | sunlight
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| FIB: the sun's energy that reaches the earth's surface is about ____ percent used by living things | 1
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| organisms that capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use that energy to produce food | autotrophs
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| FIB: organisms that can capture energy from sunlight ion chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds | producers
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| process which plants and some other organisms use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygem and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches | photosynthesis
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| when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates | chemosynthesis
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| organisms that can rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply | heterotrophs
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| hexatrophs? | oonsumers
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| obtain energy y eating other plants | herbivores
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| eat animals | carnivores
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| eat both plants and animals | omnivores
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| feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter | detritmores
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| break down organic matter | decomposers
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| a series of steps in which organisms tranfer energy by eating and being eaten | food chain
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| when the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions | food web
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| each step in a food chain or food web | trophic level
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| a diagram that shows that relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each tropic level in a food chain or food web | ecological pyramid
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| total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level | biomass
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| FIB: ___% of the body is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen | 95
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| list 4 things that make up 95 % of the body | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
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| the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas | evaporation
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| loss of water from a plant through its leaves | transpiration
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| all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life | nutrients
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| FIB: nitrogen gas makes up _____% of the earth's atmosphere | 78
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| process to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia | nitrogen fixation
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| other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas | denitrification
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| the rate at which organic matter is created by producers | primary productivity
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| when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly | limiting nutrient
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| when an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient | algal bloom
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