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Systems Phys exam 1
Rutgers Systems Physiology exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extracellular Fluid Sodium Concentration | 142 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Potassium Concentration | 4 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Calcium Concentration | 5 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Magnesium Concentration | 3 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Chloride Concentration | 103 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Bicarbonate Concentration | 27 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Phosphate Concentration | 2 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Sulfate Concentration | 1 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Protein Concentration | 16 mEq/L |
| Extracellular Fluid Organic Acid Concentration | 5 mEq/L |
| Intracellular Fluid Potassium Concentration | 160 mEq/L |
| Intracellular Fluid Magnesium Concentration | 35 mEq/L |
| Intracellular Fluid Chloride Concentration | 2 mEq/L |
| Intracellular Fluid Bicarbonate Concentration | 8 mEq/L |
| Intracellular Fluid Phosphate Concentration | 140 mEq/L |
| Total Concentration of Extracellular Fluids | 154 mEq/L |
| Total Concentration of Intracellular Fluids | 205 mEq/L |
| Control Center | Receives and processes information from the receptor |
| Effector | Responds to the commands of the control center by either opposing or enhancing the stimulus |
| Homeostasis | Refers to stability, balance, or equilibrium |
| Negative Feedback | A reaction in which the system responds in such a way as to reverse the direction of change |
| Positive Feedback | A response which amplifies the change in a variable` |
| Receptor | Receives information that something in the environment is changing |
| Erythrocytes | Red Blood Cells, collect oxygen in the lungs and deliver it through the blood to the body tissues |
| Leukocytes | White blood cells, help the body to fight infectious disease and foreign objects |
| Simple Diffusion | net movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Facilitates diffusion | Diffusion of solutes through channel proteins in the plasma membrane. Water can pass through without aid of specialized protein. |
| Protein Pumps | Transport proteins in plasma membrane transfers solutes such as small ions, amino acids, monosaccharides |
| Exocytosis | process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell |
| Endocytosis | capture of a substance outside the cell when the plasma membrane engulfs it and forms a vesicle |
| Phagocytosis | cellular eating |
| Pinocytosis | cellular drinking |
| Desmosomes | protein rivet point between cells |
| Bulk Flow | the collective movement of substances in the same direction in response to a force |
| Medulla | control center for respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive functions |
| Pons | Houses the control centers for respiration and inhibitory functions. Interacts with cerebellum |
| Cerebellum | Coordinates skeletal muscles to produce smooth, graceful movements. Integrates affector neurons with effectors |
| Hypothalamus | Involved in expression of emotions |
| Thalamus | Pain center |
| Afferent Messages | carry sensation such as heat, cold, pain |
| Autonomic System | Deals with visceral organs, like the heart, stomach, glands, and the intestines |
| Myelin | a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers and facilitates the conduction of the nerve impulse |
| Nodes of Ranvier | unmyelinated gaps between sections of myelin |
| Synapses | Gap between two neurons; New synapses lead to learning |
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