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TherEx Higgins 5
Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flexibility | the ability to move a joint or series of joints through full, unrestricted, pain-free ROM. Determined by joint ROM and soft tissue extensibility |
| Stretching | any therapeutic maneuver designed to increase soft tissue mobility. Facilitating elongation of tissue |
| Contracture | adaptive muscular shortening |
| hypermobility | increased joint ROM beyond what is generally considered to be typical for a joint or joints |
| Hypomobility | restricted motion caused by adaptive shortening of soft tissues around a joint |
| over stretching | stretching to elongate a tissue beyond limitation |
| Synergist muscles | muscles that work together to produce a given movement |
| Agonist Muscle | contracting muscle |
| Antagonist Muscle | stretched muscle |
| Reciprocal Inhibition | Contracting agonist, relaxing antagonist |
| Length-Tension relationship | Muscle's ability to develop tension based on position of muscle at time of contraction |
| When is peak force of muscle contraction | at mid range of motion |
| What causes a muscle to generate less force | Limited muscle flexiblity |
| What is the effect of muscle Tightness | effects joint mechanics, posture and injury. Loss of ROM |
| Factors affecting muscle function and length | connective tissue contracture, abnormal bony structure, soft tissue approximation, scar tissue |
| Soft tissue approximation | muscle mass and adipose limits ROM |
| Properties of connective tissue | Elasticity, Extensibility, failure |
| Elasticity | stretch and return to resting length |
| Extensibility | Ability to take on new length when stretched |
| failure | partial tearing/scaring |
| Stretch reflex | stimulation of mechanoreceptors that inform the CNS about musculotendinous length and tension. |
| Golgi Tendon Organ | Mechanoreceptor in tendon that respond to muscle lengthening and muscle tension. Cause a reflexive relaxation of involved muscle |
| Autogenic inhibition | reflexive relaxation of muscle. |
| Reciprical inhibition | increased firing of the GRO and a net decrease in overall muscle tension in the antagonist muscle during isometric contraction |
| Muscle spindle | mechanoreceptor inside muscle that respond to changes in muscle length |
| Plasticity | the ability of the soft tissue to assume a new length when a strech is applied |
| Failure(partial or complete rupture) | when soft tissue fibers are stretched beyond their limits |
| cyclic loading | the repeated application of stretching. low load long duration stretching is repeatedly applied to shortened tissues |
| Ballistic stretching | high intenisty stretch that will likely result in firing the muscle spindles and stimulation of the monosynaptic stretch reflex. |
| monosynaptic stretch reflex | muscle shorten to limit the effects of the stretching procedure |
| Active Warmup | increasing soft tissue extensibility by increasing tissue temperatures, allowing for more relaxation and better elongation of shortened tissues. |
| Thermotherapy | Superficial heating, including the application of moist hot packs, fluidotherapy, warm whirlpool baths, and paraffin. Deep therapy includes ultrasound and diathermy |
| Stretching window | the amount of time the clinician has to apply a stretch after removal of the modality... Less than 3 minutes |
| Cryotherapy | decreasing soft tissue extensibility and henderance of elongation of soft tissue extensibilty. |
| Ballistic Stretching | technique in which the patient or clinician performs dynamic elongation of the muscle beyond the muscle's normal range of motion |
| Dynamic stretching | actively moving a joint or joints quickly through their normal range of motion so as to slightly elongate muscles and significantly increase blood flow to tissues. |
| Static stretching | passive stretching which can be performed by the clinician, a partner, or the patient. Slow passive movement beyond the involved tissue's normal ROM |
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation stretching (PNF) | an approach that combines functionally based patterns of diagonal movement with neuromuscular facilitate techniques to evoke motor responses aimed at improving muscular control and function in preparation for activity. |
| Hold-Relax Technique (PNF) | involves lengthening a tight muscle and asking the patient to isometrically contract this muscle for several seconds, as the patient relaxes, the clinician lengthens the involved muscle further to new end ROM |
| Hold-relax with agonist contraction | same procedures as hold-relax technique; however, after the tight muscle is contracted isometrically against the clinician's resistance, the patient now concentrically contracts the muscle opposite the tight muscle to actively move the joint ROM to SS. |
| Contract-relax | passively lengthens the tight muscle to its end range. patient concentric contraction of tight muscle through full range. mild resistance applied during contracture. restretch tight muscle |
| Neural tension techniques | stretching aimed at decreasing adverse mechanical tension on nerves. Slow controlled elongation of the nerve to allow for better neural glide. |
Created by:
WalkerChance
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