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Physio. Chpt 3
Sapulpa Anatomy, Chapt. 3 - Part 1, Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carries out all chemical activities needed to sustain life | Cells |
| Control center of the cell | Nucleus |
| Has Nuclear envelope(membrane), Nucleolus, and Chromatin | Nucleus |
| Contains genetic material (DNA) | Nucleus |
| Barrier of the nucleus | Nuclear envelope |
| Sites of ribosome assembly | Nucleoli |
| Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides | Chromatin |
| Composed of DNA and protein | Chromatin |
| Double phospholipid layer which contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins | Plasma Membrane |
| Barrier for cell contents | Plasma Membrane |
| Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption on the plasma membrane | Microvilli |
| Impermeable junctions | tight junctions |
| Bind cells together into leak-proof sheets | tight junctions |
| Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart | Desmosomes |
| Allow communication between cells | Gap junctions |
| the material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane | Cytoplasm |
| Fluid that suspends other elements | Cytosol |
| “Little organs” that perform functions for the cell | Organelles |
| Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products | Inclusions |
| Metabolic machinery of the cell | Organelles |
| “Powerhouses” of the cell | Mitochondria |
| Provides ATP for cellular energy | Mitochondria |
| Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food | Mitochondria |
| Sites of protein synthesis | Ribosomes |
| Free in the cytoplasm and as part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum | Ribosomes |
| Studded with ribosomes and Synthesizes proteins | Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| Functions in lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Modifies and packages proteins | Golgi apparatus |
| Produces Secretory vesicles, cell membrane components, and lysosomes | Golgi apparatus |
| Contain enzymes that digest worn-out or non-usable materials within the cell | lysosomes |
| Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde and Breaks down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) | Peroxisomes |
| Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes | Peroxisomes |
| Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm | Cytoskeleton |
| Provides the cell with an internal framework | Cytoskeleton |
| Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, and Microtubules | Cytoskeleton |
| Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division | Centrioles |
| Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules used for cell division. | Centrioles |
| used to move materials across the cell surface | cilia |
| Located in the respiratory system to move mucus | cilia |
| used to propel the cell | Flagella |
| only flagellated cell in the human body | sperm |
| No energy is required | Passive Transport |
| Cell must provide metabolic energy (ATP) | Active Transport |
| movement of substances into and out of the cell | Cell membrane |
| fluid on the exterior of the cell | Interstitial fluid |
| nucleoplasm and cytosol | Intracellular fluid |
| components in smaller quantities within a solution | Solutes |
| homogeneous mixture of two or more components | Solution |
| typically water in the solution | Solvent |
| allows some materials to pass while excluding others | Selective Permeability |
| Movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient | Diffusion |
| simple diffusion of water | Osmosis |
| Substances require a protein carrier for passive transport | Facilitated diffusion |
| Moves materials out of the cell | Exocytosis |
| Moves materials into the cell | Endocytosis |
| "cell eating' | Phagocytosis |
| "cell drinking" | Pinocytosis |
| Cell grows, Cell carries on metabolic processes, and DNA replicates itself | Interphase |
| genetic material makes a copy of itself. | DNA Replication |
| Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei | Mitosis |
| division of the cytoplasm and results in the formation of two daughter cells. | Cytokinesis |
| First part of cell division | Prophase |
| Centrioles migrate to the poles to direct assembly of mitotic spindle fibers, DNA appears as double-stranded chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down and disappears. | Prophase |
| Chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell | Metaphase |
| Chromosomes are pulled apart and toward the opposite ends of the cell | Anaphase |
| Nuclear envelope reforms around chromatin, spindles break down and disappear | Telophase |
| A cleavage furrow forms to pinch the cells into two parts | Cytokinesis |
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