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Day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place
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Year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region
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Ch.4 ecology

Ecosystems and communities

QuestionAnswer
Day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place Weather
Year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region Climate
Natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases Greenhouse effect
Cold areas where sun's rays strike Earth at a very low angle; located around North and South poles Polar zones
Between polar zone and tropics Temperate zones
Near the equator, between 23.5 degrees North and South latitudes Tropical zones
Biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem Biotic factors
Physical, or nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems Abiotic factors
The full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions Niche
Any necessity of life Resource
Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time Competitive exclusion principle
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism Predation
Any relationship in which two species live closely together Symbiosis
Both species benefit from the relationship Mutualism
One member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed Commensalism
One organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it Parasitism
Series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time Ecological succession
Succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists Primary succession
First species to populate the area Pioneer species
When a disturbance is over, community interactions tend to restore the ecosystem to its original condition Secondary succession
Ability to survive and reproduce under conditions that differ from their optimal conditions Tolerance
Climate in a small area that differs from the climate around it Microclimate
Dense covering of tropical rain forests Canopy
A second layer of shorter trees and vines Understory
A tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year Deciduous
A tree that produces seed-bearing cones and most have leaves shaped like needles Coniferous
A material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter that makes soil fertile Humus
Biome in which the winters are cold but summers are mild enough to allow the ground to thaw Taiga
A layer of permanently frozen subsoil Permafrost
A general term for the tiny, free-floating organisms that live in both freshwater and saltwater environments Plankton
Unicellular algae Phytoplankton
Planktonic animals Zooplankton
An ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface of the soil for at least part of the year Wetland
Wetlands formed where rivers meet the sea Estuaries
Made up of tiny pieces of organic material that provide food for organisms at the base of the estuary's food web Detritus
Temperate-zone estuaries dominated by salt-tolerant grasses above the low-tide line, and by seagrasses under water Salt marshes
Coastal wetlands that are widespread across tropical regions Mangrove swamps
Well-lit upper layer of the oceans Photic zone
Permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone Aphotic zone
Prominent horizontal banding of organisms that live in a particular habitat Zonation
Marine zone that extends from the lowtide mark to the end of the continental shelf Coastal ocean
Coastal ocean community named for its dominant organism - kelp, a giant brown alga Kelp forests
Diverse and productive environment named for the coral animals that make up its primary structure Coral reefs
Organisms that live attached to or near the ocean floor Benthos
Created by: Hagi131096
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