In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: perceptionAnswer: how we view our internal and social worlds Question: attributionsAnswer: that we assign to behaviors Question: is it important for us to believe that life is Answer: no we like to believe that life is not so we use attributions to help us understand it Question: or external causesAnswer: we see the cause as something the individual, something in the environment, something in the setting. aka if the setting had been different then the behavior might of been different Question: internal Answer: things that you cannot change, your trip you are clumsy, you miss class because of strep throat Question: when are we more likely to engage in thinkingAnswer: when we dont suspect Question: what matters in attributions:
expectancy or successAnswer: expectancy Question: what are the two that actually matter in forming attributionsAnswer: unexpected and self relevant outcomes Question: unexpected Answer: things that happen that we are surprised Question: self relevant Answer: things that happen to you. if you friend is smart and fails a test then you don't think twice about it but if you are smart and you fail then you have a long list of Question: stabilityAnswer: how variant is Question: of causality dimensionsAnswer: where do we find the cause of the individuals Question: are we ever to go against law #2Answer: yes in to figure out why people do what they do Question: different of attributionAnswer: locus of causality
stability ability Question: what are the of locus of causalityAnswer: situation or Question: situational Answer: that are found in the environment, in the setting or situation Question: kelly's co theoryAnswer: to figure out the process that people go through in deciding that somebody's behavior is due to internal or external causes (chart) Question: consistencyAnswer: the extent to which this does his behavior in this setting Question: Answer: all about this setting (not people, it is backwards) the to which this person does this behavior in other settings Question: consensusAnswer: the extent to which other people do this behavior in settings Question: do we usually get attributions Answer: yes most of the Question: discounting Answer: we can reduce or discounts the importance of a cause if other causes exist Question: /strengtheningAnswer: we can strengthen the importance of a cause if a factor is that should inhibit the behavior Question: fundamental errorAnswer: other directed error is designed to explain the process of attriutions that are formed about other people, it is not trying to find out why we did something it is other directed, about why other people have done something Question: errorsAnswer: situations where we get wrong our guesses of causes of our behavior and others Question: what will you do if you are information (consistency, distinctiveness, consensus)Answer: you will do the best with what you Question: are we more likely to get attributions or wrongAnswer: Question: what errors in attributionsAnswer: we over emphasize and put too much weight on internal or dis-positional , we don't give enough weight to the potential role play by external or situation force Question: of attentionAnswer: when you watch somebody do something you tend to be on them and see them as the cause Question: Answer: all about how stable is the Question: controlabilityAnswer: how is the cause Question: two causes of atrributional Answer: focus of attention
effort Question: 3 stage factor theoryAnswer: stage one: two: automatic internal
stage three: effortful external
Question: what is stage one in three factor theoryAnswer: Question: what is stage two in three factor theoryAnswer: automatic Question: what is stage three in gilberts three factor Answer: external Question: what attributions are easier to come up with internal or Answer: internal attributions are to come up with, external takes more effort Question: what are the two of cultures that we discussedAnswer: and collectavistic Question: individualistic Answer: societies that put the emphasis on one person. USA, Canada, , France. "phrases like be all you can be, reach your potential, externalize Question: Answer: unit of analysis is at the group level, its not so what each person does, it is more important how the group does. externalize Question: self biasAnswer: internalize successes and externalize . Question: who lacks the self biasAnswer: people who are depressed. they take the blame for when they are wrong. when they win the they say that they just got lucky Question: style therapy Answer: teach self serving bias to people with low self esteem. a dr worked with somebody for 2 months when he barged into his office and said doctor i get it now, what you have been to teach me is what is so great about reality anyway. Question: are we better with or without the self biasAnswer: with Question: hot Answer: they believe in motive, in intent, their belief is that his behavior is done on purpose, it may not be conscience purpose Question: cold Answer: there is not intent, no desire, no motive or purposeful behavior. rather this is just how we are made, it is just how we work/are put together Question: hot approach in terms of the self serving Answer: we understand that if we internalize success we will feel better and if we failures we wont feel bad. we get it, it may be on a subconscious level but we do get it Question: cold approach in terms of the self biasAnswer: the self serving bias is something that we are born with, it is just how we are made. it is just with out purpose default mode process information. it is just how we work Question: what has more the hot approach or the cold approachAnswer: hot Question: where is the self bias commonly found in individualistic cultures or collectivistic culturesAnswer: cultures Question: ultimate errorAnswer: the self serving bias at the group level rather than individually internalizing successes and externalizing failures, i think members of my fraternity are attractive or my fraternity grades are low we have the hardest majors Question: self Answer: management, me trying to give you a certain presentation. i am presenting myself to you socially in a certain way Question: give of self presentationAnswer: what you wear, how yo do your hair or makeup, how long it you to get ready, and other things you do to change peoples perception of you Question: when do you not give your best or give an negative impression Answer: when someone you do not like comes your way so you act and rude Question: what are two ways of self Answer: direct and tactics Question: self Answer: you are going to present yourself in a positive way. when for a job. Question: self Answer: saying bad about yourself. modesty and sandbagging
Question: modestyAnswer: occurs after an event has happened. grade on the test and the person doesn't say anything because everyone will hate them if they tell the class Question: Answer: occurs prior to an event. here essentially you telling others around you that you might not do so well. ask students how they did after a test and they say they failed so that way if they did bad it look as bad and if they did good they look better Question: environmentAnswer: letting people know who you are by what you wear, what bumper stickers are on your car, what posters or pictures are in your Question: what are ways of strategically manipulating our group associations Answer: in reflected glory
cutting off reflected failure
cutting off future failure Question: Answer: basking in glory Question: in reflected gloryAnswer: increasing our association with an successful group. we were , we were victorious, we won. Question: Answer: off reflected failure Question: Cutting off reflected Answer: 2decreasing our association with an unsuccessful . they got beat, they sucked, they lost. Question: off future failureAnswer: going to resist the urge publicly to jump on the bandwagon and announce your association to a successful group because you are concerned about how that will be perceived in the future. Question: self Answer: our idea, our , our views about who we are Question: describe the file Answer: self identity a brown larger folders and that folder there are all these different folders about yourself, we are faster at processing self relevant information than anything else, our self is the first file for us to get to in the file cabinet Question: self Answer: terrible term (knowledge implies accuracy) it is more that we believe about about ourselves Question: is our self knowledge accurateAnswer: no for example a 5'10 girl who 180 lbs thinks she is fat Question: where does inaccuracy in our self knowledge come Answer: how other people to us (the looking glass self)
true inner self Question: the glass selfAnswer: we get ideas about who we are are based on how other people respond to us, it is as if the people out there are a mirror and they are a looking glass Question: true inner Answer: sometimes the looking glass is disported, it is like we are looking at a fun house mirror. they dont know me only i know who i am Question: can our self change?Answer: it is hard law 2, we are to change. over a lifetime you do see subtle. it is possible that you can get rapid almost instant changes when you get info that you cannot explain away about something you did not believe about yourself, it is violent. Question: self Answer: setting up your environment in a way that provides an excuse for failure (person does not want to fail, they want to succeed bu they are afraid that they wont Question: give an of self handicapping Answer: an athlete has a game coming up and family is going to be there. She over practices and gets an injury, or she could not practice, so that if she that match she can say she was injured or did not practice. that way she doesnt look bad if she loses Question: ego/self esteem Answer: we are concerned that we are to fail and we want to protect our ego or self esteem Question: ego/self enhancementAnswer: not preparing so if you do well then you look even . Question: what are the two reasons why people self Answer: ego/self protection
and
ego/self esteem enhancement Question: self-reference Answer: our files about ourselves are the biggest
and it is also the first file that we get to in the file Question: what are the indirect of self presentations Answer: basking in reflected glory
cutting off reflective failure
and off future failure Question: identificationAnswer: how much does a psychological person associate with a . if a person has loved a sport team there whole life they have a high identification with it and will continue to love them even if they consistently lose Question: self-efficacyAnswer: bandura says that it is our beliefs that we can achieve a level of success on some task Question: what are four sources of informationAnswer: 1. past experiences
2. persuasion
3. through the observation of others
4. our INTERPRETATION of our level of our physiological arousal (it is not our level of arousal that matters, it is what we think our level of arousal means) Question: what are the stages of attractionAnswer: 1. proximity
2. contact
3. similarity
4. reciprocity
5. misattributed arousal
6. . physical attractiveness Question: what is law #4Answer: men are Question: what is Answer: people tend to view peoples traits as long as it does not from their perception of normal Question: what are the two lines of research in stages of attractionAnswer: characteristics with long term relationships (obvious)
and
impact stages to be attracted to someone (the one we covered) Question: proximityAnswer: we are closer to (as in feet, miles, ect.) we tend to like more Question: Answer: even though you may live close to someone contact is the key. if isn't any contact then you wont like Question: Answer: we like who are like us. whether it is background, likes and dislikes, attitudes, ect. Question: Answer: we like who like us, and we especially like people who used to not like us but after time like us Question: Answer: emotion. reinforcement affect model. the more you someone the more likely you are to like them. the movie theater example Question: arousalAnswer: sometimes we think we are aroused because we are attracted to them but we not, we got it Question: attractivenessAnswer: different by culture. the key is perception. people tend to view peoples traits as long as it does not deviate from there perception of Question: matching Answer: we tend to up with people in terms of level of attraction. Question: what when you rate your significant otherAnswer: you rate them higher than you and then they are because you want to think that you got the better end of the deal Question: what are the three types of self Answer: global vs
trait vs state
personal vs social/collective Question: global self Answer: your perception of who you are in Question: self esteemAnswer: you evaluation of one domain Question: self esteemAnswer: long term self esteem enduring, chronic. how you feel about yourself Question: state self Answer: your evaluation at some moment in time, at that state in time, it is MOMENTARY Question: personal self Answer: my critical evaluations about ME as an Question: collective self esteemAnswer: my of my GROUPS Question: what are the two of self esteemAnswer: low and Question: what are two you should consider about self esteemAnswer: level of self esteem and self esteem Question: high self stableAnswer: low , they always like themselves Question: high self esteem Answer: usually like themselves but sometimes they do have low days Question: low self stableAnswer: never like Question: low self unstableAnswer: hate themselves but sometimes they have their good days Question: what do we know people with low self esteemAnswer: 1. they have a confused self concept-they dont know who they are
2. they generally have a highly negative self identity
3. it is a myth that they want bad to happen to them, they want good things to happen to the Question: does high self or low self esteem people engage in ego enhancement and whyAnswer: high self esteem they like themselves more and more, do they like yeah and they want to like themselves even more Question: does high self esteem or low self esteem people engage in ego protection and Answer: low self esteem. hold on to what they like about themselves and dont try to find anything else. all about not losing what they have Question: bindAnswer: 1. we want positive feedback from others
2. self verification, or confirm our self identity in what say to us Question: double bind with high self esteem Answer: is not a problem, you think that you look good and others tell you that you look good Question: double bind with low self peopleAnswer: they wnt positive feedback, but they dont think that they look good, in the bind self is the winner. thinking you look like crap and then people telling you that you look good puts you in a bind and eventually yourself wins Question: three strategies low self esteem people use to keep their evaluation of best area positiveAnswer: 1. downward social compare: THEY ONLY DO THIS ON THEIR "BEST" TRAIT. compare their self to people that are them
2. self verification: they self verify positive in this area
3. self serving bias only in their best area Question: how does a best person score in self esteem and in specific self esteemAnswer: they score themselves low globally but when to asked about their best they scored high. as opposed to high self esteem people who score globally high and specifically higher Question: prejudiceAnswer: an UNJUSTIFIABLE attitude toward a group and its members Question: what are the dimensions of prejudiceAnswer: 1. affective component: not like people, be in a bad mood when they have to work with those people
2. behavioral component: . cognitive component: stereotype Question: do people who are show all three dimensions of prejudiceAnswer: not but typically yes Question: what are the sources of Answer: 1. social inequalities
2. cognitive load
3. . institutions
5. limited resources
6. social learning
Question: : social inequalitiesAnswer: unequal , people use prejudice to justify their own status Question: prejudice: cognitive Answer: law 2 & 3. fundamental attribution error since our brain likes it easy we rely on the internal. we form these internal attribution based on gender and race, ect. if you are overloaded you are going to rely on the internal attribution. Question: prejudice: Answer: individuals reside in an environment that is full of people who are prejudice and one of the ways they realize if they are going to survive in that environment is to conform to the prejudice of that environment Question: prejudice: Answer: religion is the best of prejudice. business, and marriage, schools are also good predictors Question: : limited resourcesAnswer: you dont like people that you are competing against and if they win you dislike them even more. we are constantly doing battle with others for the resources of like. as you battle long enough you begin to hate them Question: prejudice: learningAnswer: some times people are prejudice because they were taught to be Question: favoritismAnswer: our tendency to show or bias towards other members of the group Question: favoritismAnswer: people are derogatory/hostile towards out groups. negative behvior towards outgroups to derogation, only if derogate the relevant out group Question: self hypothesisAnswer: we can make feel better by being mean to others Question: is the file for the ingroup larger or than the file for the outgroupAnswer: larger Question: outgroup effectAnswer: stick out more Question: ingroup effectAnswer: negtive most negative |
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