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Dat organic
Alkane-Aromatic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| X2 addition to alkane results | Free radical substitution BR attach to more substituted C Cl looks for primary C |
| ____ nucleus lover and electron rich | Nucleophile |
| RO- is a ______ nucleophile | strong |
| in Protic solvents _______ atoms are better nucleophiles, increases down a group | larger atoms,( I is stronger than F) |
| in aprotic solvents (DMSO) _______ bases are better nucleophiles | strong bases the halides F is strongest |
| Leaving groups are _______ bases | weak; I is preferred over F |
| ______ forms Carbocation. Favors more substituted carbocation and good leaving group and protic solvents, and racemic products (2) | Sn1 |
| bimolecular substitution, strong nucleophile, no steric hindrance, aprotic solvents, optical activity maintaied | SN2, (bonds are flipped |
| cis/z have higher ______ than trans/ E | boiling points (polar) |
| trans/E have higher _____ than cis/Z | melting points (nonpolar) |
| favors highly substituted carbocation, protic solvents, good leaving group and HIGH temps | E1 |
| STRONG BASE, STERIC HINDRANCE,more substituted double bond is preferred, | E2 |
| Alkene+ H2 with Pd ------------> | Catalytic hydrogenation; H added on same side " syn" to form alkane |
| Alkene+ HX------> | Sn1: H adds first to least subst C the halide to most subst C aka markovnikovs |
| Alkene+ X2 | Sn2: the halides are added anti (opp)to each other |
| Alkene+ H2O under acidic conditions | Sn1: H adds first then Oh to most stable Carbocation aka Markovnikov |
| Alkene + HX in presence of peroxides, oxygen or other impurities | free radical rxns which are antimarkovnikov ( X adds first and H last to more subst C) |
| Alkene+ B2H6 | hydroboration; Boron attach to less subst C then H adds to most stable C then B is replaced by OH. Syn addition and anti markov |
| Alkene + cold dilute Kmno4 | syn addn 1,2 diol (OH, OH addn on either side of = bond |
| Alkene + hot basic KMNO4 | 1. terminal alkene= carboxylic acid +Co2 2. non terminal = 2 Carboxylic acids |
| Alkene + Ozone with Zn | adds =O splits the original double bond and adds H, 1 product |
| Alkene + ozone with NaBh4 | spits duble bond and adds OH, 2 alcohols formed |
| Alkene + mcpba | oxiranes, epoxide |
| alkyne have ____ boiling points than alkenes | higher |
| synthesize alkyne | geminal or vicinal halide + high temps and strong base. removes 2 HX |
| Alkyne+ lindlars catalyst | (H2+ Pd)----> cis alkene |
| Alkyne + Na in ammmonia | trans alkene |
| Alkyne + X2 | markovnikov, alken halide |
| Alkyne + free radical | anti mark, trans isomer alkene is more stable. ( X opp the higher prioriy) |
| Alkyne + hydroboration | syn, alkene ( adds 2 H) |
| non terminal Alkyne + basic KMNO4 then acid | 2 carboxylc acids |
| general formula for aromatic compd | 4n+2pi electron |
| 1,2 disub in aryl compds | ortho |
| 1,3 disub in aryl compds | meta |
| 1,4 disub in aryl compds | para |
| arom compds + X2 in lewis acid eg FeBr3 | monosubstituted X product |
| arom compd + So3 in H2SO4 | monosub SO3H addition |
| arom compd + HNO3 in H2So4 | monosubstitute NO2 |
| arom compds + friedel craft in lewis acid | monosub + the cl is lost from acyl grp |
| arom + H2 an Rh/C | removes all the double bonds |
| synthesize alkene | elimination of alcohols or alkyl halide |
| base + alkyl halide | lose HX forms alkene |
| alcohol + acid | lose H and OH forms alkene |
| aprotic solvent have H attached to | C |
| protic solvent have Ha attached to | electroneg atoms like O, N, F |
| aprotic solvents favor _____________ | SN2 or E2 because they have strong bases that would react with a proton if present |
| strong nucleophile | ability to fit so cant be bulky |
| bulky nucleophile is a _______ nucleopjile and ______ base and favors _____ rxns | weak; strong; E2 |
| _______ Oh on benzene | phenol |
| ch3 on benzene | toluene |
| nh2 on benzene | aniline |
| for cycloalkenes that have a branched grp we | assign1 at the start of alkene then move thru the alkene then number the branch grp |
| for compds with alkyne and alkene we name it | we number to give them the lowest numbers but the yne and ene shud a=be alphabetized after numbering |
| H2 with poisoned catalyst +alkyne forms | cis H addition on alkene |
| alkene stability is based on | the number of substitution about the double bond more is more stable |
| heteroatom aromatic compd | has either N or O in the ring and stilll follows 4n+2pi |
Created by:
smuttz
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