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Chapter 4
AP Human Geo
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people |
| Folk culture | small, homogenous population that is typically rural and cohesive in cultural traits that are passed down from generation to generation |
| Popular culture | cultural traits such as dress, diet, and music that identify and are part of today's changeable urban-based, media-influenced, global society |
| Local culture | people who see themselves as a collective or a community, share experiences, customs, and traits, and work to preserve their traits and customs in a place |
| Material culture | physical aspects of culture, including art, tools, buildings, and clothing that are made by people |
| Nonmaterial culture | non physical aspects of cultures, including beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values that are defined by people |
| Hierarchical diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on hierarchy of connectedness |
| Hearth | area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates |
| Customs | common practice or routine way of doing things in a culture |
| Assimilation | when a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture; can happen voluntarily or by force |
| Indigenous local cultures | people who see themselves as a community and also identify as indigenous, or original, to a place |
| Context | the physical and human geographies creating the place, environment, and space in which events occur and people act |
| Neolocalism | conscious effort to define a sense of place for local or regional culture; often used by local businesses, such as microbreweries, to identify local products with local or regional culture |
| Ethnic neighborhoods | area within an urban area where a relatively large group of people from one ethnic group or local culture lives |
| Gentrification | renewal or rebuilding of a lower income neighborhood into a middle-to-upper class neighborhood, which results in driving the property values and rents and the dispossession of lower income residents |
| Cultural appropriation | when one culture adopts customs and knowledge from another culture and uses them for its own benefit |
| Commodification | transformation of goods and services into products that can be bought, sold, or traded |
| Authenticity | the idea that one place or experience is the true, actual one |
| Distance decay | decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth |
| Time-space compression | increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communication and transportation networks |
| Music festival | concert event featuring multiple performers and additional entertainment that often lasts more than one day |
| Hallyu (Hanryu) | South Korean waves of popular culture, especially in music, television, and movies |
| Reterritorialization | when a local culture shapes an aspect of popular culture as their own, adopting the popular culture to their local culture |
| Stimulus diffusion | a process of diffusion where two cultural traits blend to create a distinct trait |
| Relocation diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
| Cultural landscape | the visible human imprint on the landscape |
| Placelessness | loss of uniqueness of a location so that one place looks like the next |
| Convergence of cultural landscapes | merging of cultural landscapes that happens with broad diffusion of landscape traits |
| Urban morphology | the layout of a city, including the sizes and shapes of buildings and the pathways of infrastructure |
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