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Chapter 3 Vocabulary
AP Human Geo Chapter 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cyclic movement | Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. A form of movement. |
| Activity spaces | The spaces people move through routinely. |
| Snowbirds | Retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter. |
| Pastoralism | a type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures. |
| Transhumance | Migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze. |
| Relocation diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them. |
| International migration | Purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
| Emigrants | Migrants who leave or migrate out of their home country. |
| Immigrants | Migrants who enter or migrate into a new country. |
| Net migration | Difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the number of emigrants (those leaving a country). |
| Refugees | Migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country. |
| Remittances | The money being sent back by migrants to their families in their home countries. |
| Reverse remittances | Money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries. |
| Guest workers | Labor migrants who were invited into a country to work temporarily, were granted work visa status, and were expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa. |
| Islands of development | Cities in developing countries where foreign and domestic investment and job prospects are concentrated. |
| Internal migration | Purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
| Diaspora | Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force. |
| Assimilation | When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force. |
| Human trafficking | A form of forced migration where people are involuntary sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade. |
| Gulags | Forced labor or prison labor camps. Most often associated with authoritarian countries. |
| Distance decay | Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth. |
| Gravity model | Urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places. |
| Push factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country. |
| Pull factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate. |
| Intervening opportunity | Presence of an opportunity near a migrant’s current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away. |
| Unauthorized or undocumented migrants | Migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live; Migrants who enter a country illegally without permission by crossing a border without legal approval. |
| Coyotes | People who smuggle illegal migrants across the border for a sizable fee. |
| Chain migration | Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. For example, a group of migrants settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path. |
| Repatriation | A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization. |
| Asylum seekers | People who have left their home country where they are experiencing persecution and human rights violations and are seeking protection in another country, but have not been legally recognized as refugees. |
| Internally displaced persons (IDPs) | People who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries. |
| Bracero Program | Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture. |
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