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Chapter 3
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Activity spaces | Places within the rounds of daily activity |
Assimilation | When a minority group loses distinct cultural, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force. |
Asylum seekers | Migrant who claims the right to protection as a refuge in a country other than their home country |
Bracero Program | Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture |
Chain migration | Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. For example, a group of migrants settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same pathe |
Coyotes | A nickname given to a person who is hired to assist illegal immigrants into the US often at a cost that does not depend upon success of entry. |
Cyclic movement | Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. A form of movement |
Diaspora | Dispersal of people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily, or by force |
Distance decay | Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth |
Emigrants | People who permanently move out of their home country |
Gravity model | Urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration between two places |
Guest workers | Migrants who are invited to a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa |
Gulags | Forced labor or prison camps. Most often associated with authoritarian countries |
Human trafficking | A form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade |
Immigrants | People who permanently move into a new country |
Internal migration | Purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to say |
Internally displaced persons (IDP’s) | People who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries |
International migration | Purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
Intervening opportunity | Presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away |
Islands of development | Cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn |
Net migration | Difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants |
Pastoralism | A type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures |
Pull factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to migrate |
Push factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country |
Refugees | Migrants who flee their country because of a political persecution and seek asylum in another country |
Relocation diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
Remittances | Money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income countries |
Repatriation | A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization |
Reverse remittances | Money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries |
Snowbirds | Retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter |
Transhumance | Migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze |
Unauthorized or undocumented migrants | Migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. Unauthorized migrants can be those who enter a country legally, as authorized migrants with a visa, and then stay when the visa expires. |
Unauthorized or undocumented migrants (Cont.) | They can also enter a country without permission by crossing a border without legal approval |
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