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Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cyclic movement | leaving home for defined amount of time and returning home. |
| Activity spaces | places in which people move in the rounds of everyday activity. |
| Snowbirds | retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states like Florida, California, and Arizona for the winter. |
| Pastoralism | a type pf cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year continually find fresh water and green pastures. |
| Transhumance | specialized form of pastoralism practiced in mountain areas when ranchers move livestock vertically to graze on highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months. |
| Relocation diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
| International migration | Purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
| Emigrants | people who migrate out a country. |
| Immigrants | people who migrate into a country. |
| Net migration | difference between immigration and emigration. |
| Refugees | migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country. |
| Remittances | money that immigrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries. |
| Reverse remittances | money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries. |
| Guest workers | migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa. |
| Islands of development | cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn. |
| Internal migration | purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
| Diaspora | dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force. |
| Assimilation | when a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force. |
| Human trafficking | a form of forced migration where people are involuntary sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade. |
| Gulags | forced labor or prison labor camps. Most often associated with authoritarian countries. |
| Distance decay | decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance form the hearth. |
| Gravity model | urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places. |
| Push factors | the conditions and perceptions that help a migrant decide to leave a place. |
| Pull factors | what attracts a migrant to a certain destination, the factors that help the migrant decide where to go. |
| Intervening opportunity | presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away. |
| Unauthorized or undocumented immigrants | migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. unauthorized migrants can be those who enter a country legally, as authorized migrants with a visa, and then stay when the visa expires, or enter without a visa at all. |
| Coyotes | those who smuggle people across the border for a sizable fee |
| Chain migration | permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. Encouraging people you know to follow your steps of immigrating to the country you are in. |
| Repatriation | a refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization. |
| Asylum seekers | migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country. |
| Internally displaced persons (IDP’s) | people who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries. |
| Bracero program | Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture. |
| Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture. |
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Anastasiasmolentseva
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