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Digital Flashcards
Biology
Question | Answer |
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Atom | Atoms consist of a nucleus made of protons and neutrons orbited by electrons. Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements. |
Element | An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken down by chemical means, consisting of atoms which have identical numbers of protons in their atomic nuclei. |
Molecule | Molecule is a group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance. |
Compound | Something thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture. |
Atomic Number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table. |
Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. |
Atomic Weight | the average mass of an atom of an element as it occurs in nature that is expressed in atomic mass units |
Valence Electron | an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom. |
Electron | a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. |
Proton | a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign. |
Neutron | a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen. |
Isotope | Isotope, one of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behavior but with different atomic masses and physical properties. |
Radioisotope | An unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable. |
Electron Configuration | The arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atomic nucleus. |
Bond | a strong force of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule or crystal, resulting from the sharing or transfer of electrons. |
Polar Bond | A polar covalent bond exists when atoms with different electromagnetism share electrons in a covalent bond |
Nonpolar Bond | A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electromagnetically and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair. |
Hydrogen Bond | a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electromotive atom in the other. |
Solvent | able to dissolve other substances. |
Solution | the process by which a gas, liquid, or solid is dispersed homogeneously in a gas, liquid, or solid without chemical change. |
Solute | the component of a solution that changes its state in forming the solution or the component that is not present in excess |
Hydrophobic | tending to repel or fail to mix with water. |
Hydrophilic | having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or wet by water. |
Amino Acid | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxylic and an amino group. |
Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotide form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
Peptide Bond | A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxylic group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water |
Lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents |
Saturated Fat | a type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules without double bonds, considered to be less healthy in the diet than unsaturated fat. |
Saccaride | another term of saying sugar |
Specific Heat (water) | Specific heat is defined by the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius |
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