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U.S Ch.6 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | A law that established the federal court system and the number of Supreme Court justices and that provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal courts. |
| Cabinet | The group of department heads who serve as the president’s chief advisers. |
| Bank of the United States | Either of the two national banks, funded by the federal government and private investors, established by Congress, the first in 1791 and the second in 1816. |
| Democratic-Republicans | Political party known for its support of strong state governments, founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792 in opposition to the Federalist Party. |
| two-party system | A political system dominated by two major parties. |
| protective tariff | A tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation’s businesses from foreign competition. |
| excise tax | A tax on the production, sale, or consumption of goods produced within a country. |
| neutrality | A refusal to take part in a war between other nations. |
| sectionalism | The placing of the interests of one’s own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole. |
| XYZ Affair | A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | A series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the United States. |
| nullification | A state’s refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional. |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists. |
| midnight judges | One of the judges appointed by John Adams in the last hours of his administration. |
| Marbury vs. Madison | An 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional; this power came to be known as judicial review. |
| judicial review | The Supreme Court’s power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The 1803 purchase by the United States of France’s Louisiana Territory—- extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains—— for $15 million. |
| blockade | The use of ships or troops to prevent movement into and out of a port or region controlled by hostile nation. |
| impressment | The forcible seizure of men for military service. |
| embargo | A government ban on trade with one or more other nations. |
| war hawk | One of the members of Congress who favored war with Britain in the early years of the 19th century. |
| Treaty of Ghent | The 1814 treaty that ended the War of 1812. |
| armistace | Truse, or agreement to end an armed conflict. |
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