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Gilded Age
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Standard Oil Company | Was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller and Henry Flagler as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refinery in the world of its time |
| Monopoly | Pertains to the historical tendency of a successful commercial enterprise to dominate an industry. The practice started during Advanced Industrialization with such companies as Standard Oil and the Carnegie Steel Company. |
| Trust | Stockholders of several competing corporations turn in their stock to trustees in exchange for a trust certificate entitling them to a dividend. |
| Social Darwinson | The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer in the 1900's-2000's. |
| Nativism | Is the political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. However, this is currently more commonly described as an immigration restriction position. In scholarly studies nativism is a standard technical term. |
| Old immigration | Some of the traits they saw as distinguishing the new immigrants from the old immigrants were real; some were imagined; some were half-true. The old immigration peaked in the 1880s. |
| New immigration | Unlike earlier immigrants, who mainly came from northern and western Europe, the "new immigrants" came largely from southern and eastern Europe. Largely Catholic and Jewish in religion, the new immigrants came from the Balkans, Italy, Poland, and Russia. |
| Labor unions | Is an organized group of workers who unite to make decisions about conditions affecting their work and strive to bring economic justice to the workplace and social justice to our nation. |
| Homestead | A person's or family's residence, which comprises the land, house, and outbuildings, and in most states is exempt from forced sale for collection of debt. |
| Ellis Island | In Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the U.S. as the United States' busiest immigrant inspection station for over 60 years from 1892 until 1954. |
| Statue of Liberty | Is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States. |
| Tenements | Is a multi-occupancy building of any sort. However, in the United States, it has come to refer most specifically to a run-down apartment building or to a slum. |
| Malaria | A disease caused by a plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. |
| Political machines | Is a political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. |
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