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Chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | the period of rebuilding the South and readmitting Southern states into the Union |
| amnesty | the granting of a pardon to a large number of persons |
| radical | extreme |
| adjust | to become more suited to new conditions |
| black codes | laws passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freed men and women, and allowing plantation owners to take advantage of African American workers |
| override | to reject or defeat something that has already been decided |
| exclude | to prevent from being involved in something |
| impeach | to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office |
| suspend | to stop temporarily |
| scalawag | name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South |
| corruption | dishonest or illegal actions |
| integrate | to unite, or blend into united whole |
| sharecropping | system of farming in which a farmer works the land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop |
| credit | a loan, or the ability to pay for a good or service at a future time rather than at the time of purchase |
| academy | a school or college for special training |
| commission | a group of officials chosen for a specific responsibility |
| poll tax | a tax a person must pay in order to vote |
| outcome | the effect or result of an action or event |
| literacy test | a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specific level |
| grandfather clause | a device that allowed persons to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began |
| segregation | the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group |
| lynching | putting to death by the illegal action of a mob |
| Freedman's Bureau | main purpose was to help African Americans to adjust to life after slavery by providing food, clothing and medical care |
| John Wilkes Booth | the assassin who murdered President Lincoln in Ford's Theater |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | this law gave the Federal government power to get involved in state affairs to protect African Americans' rights |
| 14th Amendment | protected African American citizenship under due process of law |
| President Andrew Johnson | he opposed many Reconstruction Acts of Congress and faced the possibility to be impeached as President by his political opponents |
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