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Ch 4 US History
Mastering the TEKS since 1877
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jonathan Trumbull | colonial governor who sided with the revolutionaries, supplying Washington's armies with food & weapons |
| John P. Muhlenberg | protestant minister who joined colonists & led the "Black Regiment" of minister soldiers |
| unalienable rights of the Declaration of Independence | life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness |
| John Hancock | largest signature of the Declaration |
| Benjamin Rush | father of American medicine who favored educating women and financed oldest African American chuch |
| Charles C. Carrollton | wealthy Catholic who helped finance the Revolution to gain acceptance of Catholic rights |
| John Witherspoon | served in the Continental Congress in favor of Independence, and was president of Princeton Univ. |
| Articles of Confederation | first US government that was too weak to settle disputes between the States and had only 1 branch of congress |
| US Constitution | replaced the Articles of Confederation and established a strong 3-branch government |
| limited government | the idea that powers of the federal govt. are limited to those enumerated (listed) in the Constitution |
| popular sovereignty | the idea that power comes from the consent of the people |
| checks and balances | the Constitution provides each branch of govt. a way to check the power of the other 2 branches |
| amendments | additions to the constitution-27 so far |
| separation of powers | the power of the federal govt. is divided among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches |
| federalism | the powers of the govt. are divided between the national and state governments |
| republicanism | the form of govt. in which people elect representatives to vote for them |
| John Jay | one of the 3 authors of the Federalist Papers which argued for states to ratify (approve) the new Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the Constitution which protect individual liberties |
| 1st Amendment | freedom of: religion, speech, assembly, press, petition |
| 2nd Amendment | right to bear arms for a militia |
| 3rd Amendment | prohibits the quartering of troops (placing them in private homes without permission) |
| 4th Amendment | protects against unreasonable searches and seizures of property, requiring a search warrant |
| 5th Amendment | provides due process of the law: protection against double-jeopardy & self-incrimination; provide compensation against eminent domain |
| eminent domain | the power of govt. to take over private property for public use by providing compensation to the owner |
| 6th Amendment | provides right to a trial by a jury of peers in criminal cases |
| 7th Amendment | right to trial by jury in civil cases |
| 8th Amendment | the court's cannot bail too high for those accused of crime |
| 9th Amendment | citizens also have rights |
| 10th Amendment | the federal govt. only has powers listed in the Constitution |
| Alexis de Tocqueville | frenchman who studies the values that made America unique |
| egalitarianism | a society of equals; in America there are no social titles |
| populism | participation of common people in the politics of the USA |
| laissez faire | the "hands off" approach of govt. to leave business alone |
| 13th Amendment | ended slavery |
| 14th Amendment | guarantees "due process" and "equal protection" for all americans, even former slaves |
| 15th Amendment | gives African males (all males) the right to vote |
| E. Pluribus Unum | Latin for "out of many, one", the idea of a melting pot society |
| In God We Trust | printed on all money to promote patriotism as our national motto |
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