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US HIST WWII TEST
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian US HIST "WW II" Test Flashcards 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term "facism" mean/ refer to? | This term means "an aggressive nationalistic movement that considered the nation more important than the individual". |
| Which leader established Communist governments throughout the Russian Empire? | Vladimir Lenin. |
| What was the Neutrality Act of 1935? | This legislation made it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war. |
| What does the term "internationalism" mean/ refer to? | This was the idea that "trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war". |
| Which 3 nations did dictators govern during the years after World War I? | 1.) Italy; 2.) USSR; 3.) Germany. |
| What events caused Roosevelt to become more of an internationalist? | The Japanese invasion of China caused this. |
| Why did antidemocratic governments rise to power to postwar Europe and Asia? | 1.) Unhappiness with Treaty of Versailles; 2.) Worldwide economic depression. |
| What does the term "appeasement" mean/ refer to where WW II is concerned? | This term refers to the incident in which Britain and France gave in to Adolph Hitler's demands at the Munich Conference. |
| What does the term "blitzkrieg" mean/ refer to? | This term means "lightning war". This is the type of attack that Germany used against Poland that used tanks and waves of aircraft in the attack. |
| Why did Europe's leaders first try to deal with Hitler through appeasement? | They believed that Hitler had few demands and that by giving in they could prevent another war. |
| Why was the decision to leave French forces behind the Maginot Line disastrous for Europe? | It allowed Germany to concentrate on Poland first; when Germany went around the line, troops were trapped in Belgium. |
| In what ways ways did Winston Churchill prove to be an effective leader for Britain as the war began? | Churchill was determined to prevent the Germans from controlling Britain. |
| What was the new type of warfare used by Germany against Poland? Explain the technique. | "Blitzkrieg"; a lightning war in which tanks on the ground supported airstrikes. |
| What was "kristallnacht"? | The term means "night of broken glass": it stands for the events of November 9, 1938 when anti-Jewish violence erupted in Germany & Jewish owned businesses were looted & synagogues were burned down. |
| What does the term "Gestapo" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the German government's secret police force during World War II. |
| What early steps did Germany take in persecution of Jewish people? | Required them to live in ghettos, deprived them of citizenship & their right to vote, identified them in passports and through yellow stars as Jewish, & committed violence against them during Kristallnacht. |
| What was the purpose of the Wannsee Conference? | The purpose of this was to determine the "final solution of the Jewish question". |
| What early efforts did Roosevelt make to help the British? | 1.) Destroyers for bases; 2.) the Lend - Lease Act; 3.) the hemispheric defense zone. |
| What was the "hemispheric defense zone"? Why was it developed?` | This was an imaginary line dividing the Atlantic Ocean to justify patrolling for German submarines that were disrupting British shipping. |
| Why was the United States unprepared for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor? | The United States did not expect Japan to attack a target at such a distance. It also failed to correctly interpret military information. |
| In the video that we watched, "Third Reich: The Rise", list the things that Adolph Hitler did to gain the support of the majority of the German people. | 1.) Said that he would "put Germans back to work"; 2.) Told Germans that the Nazi flag was colored with the "blood of martyrs", referring to German soldiers who had died during WWI; 3.) Rigged political elections; 4.) Committed terrorist acts. |
| In "Third Reich: The Rise", how did Hitler assure that the Nazi party would take control of Germany? | 1.) Made sure he was elected to a political office; 2.) Ordered the German parliament building bombed; 3.) Blamed Communist party members for the bombing; 4.) Had all Communists arrested & put into concentration camps. |
| Why did Adolph Hitler make most of his speeches to lower class Germans? | He did this because the nation was going through an economic depression and he knew that his message of putting them back to work would resonate with them; there were more lower class than upper class Germans. |
| How many days was it (after Hitler was voted into political office) until he was named Chancellor? | 52 days. |
| What did Roosevelt and Churchill agree at the Casablanca Conference? | They agreed to step up the bombing of Germany. |
| What was the Pas-de-Calais? | This is the area of France that is closest to Great Britain. |
| What was the term that was used for advancing to Japan by moving from island to island in the Pacific Ocean? | The term for this was "island - hopping". |
| Who did President Roosevelt choose to be the commander of "Operation Overlord"? | Roosevelt chose General Eisenhower for this. |
| After several delays, when did the D-Day Invasion finally start? | This invasion started on June 6, 1944. |
| How many paratroopers were dropped inland, east and west of the beaches, during the D-Day Invasion? | 23,000 of these types of soldiers were used during D-Day. |
| Who was Winston Churchill? | He became the British Prime Minister in June, 1940. He replaced Neville Chamberlain. |
| Who was Benito Mussolini? | He founded Italy's Fascist Party in 1919. He later became a dictator of that country. |
| Who was Vladimir Lenin? | He founded the Communist Party after the Russian Revolution. |
| Who was Joseph Stalin? | He became the new Soviet dictator in 1926. |
| How did Congress support factories that converted to war production (during WWII)? | By allowing the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to make loans to companies who wanted to convert their factories to war production. |
| What role did the Office of War Mobilization (OWM) play in the war production effort? | This group served as a mediator between different government agencies. |
| How were minorities discriminated against in the military? | They were placed in segregated units, with segregated barracks, mess halls, latrines (bathrooms), and recreational facilities. They were often assigned to non-combat duties such as construction & supply units. |
| What does the term "Selective Service Committee" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the Federal agency that coordinated military conscriptions (i.e. the draft) beginning in World War II. |
| What does the term "Tuskegee Airmen" mean/ refer to? | This was the name of the first African American aviators (pilots) in the U.S. Army Air Corps (AAC), which was the precursor to the U.S. Air Force. This group achieved considerable distinction during WWII. |
| What was the Tydings Amendment? | This was a 1942 law that exempted agricultural workers from the draft. |
| Who were the WAACS, WAVES, WASPs, and SPARS collectively? | These were the names of units composed entirely of women in various branches of the U.S. military. |
| What does the term "Rosie the Riveter" mean/ refer to? | This was the nickname given to women who went to work in factory jobs during WWII while men served in combat roles overseas. |
| What was the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters? | This was the name of a labor organization founded in 1925 by A. Philip Randolph whose goal it was to improve the working conditions & treatment of African American railroad porters & maids employed by the Pullman Company. |
| What did Executive Order 8022 do/provide for? | This executive order provided for "the full and equitable participation of all workers in defense industries, without discrimination of race, creed, color, or national origin". |
| What is the Fair Employment Practices Committee? | This was a federal agency established in 1941 who goal was "to curb racial discrimination in war production jobs and government employment". |
| What were the "Zoot Suit Riots"? | A series of race - related riots that took place in 1943 centered in Los Angeles in which military personnel attacked Latinos. White servicemen viewed the clothing worn by "pachucos" as unpatriotic & extravagent during a period of wartime frugality. |
| What does the term "pachucos" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the given to Mexican American gangs whose members wore Zoot Suits in the mid - 1940's. They wore these suits as a form of resistance against white culture. |
| What does the term "nisei" mean/ refer to? | This was the name given to American born Japanese who were American citizens during World War II. |
| What were Japanese Internment Camps? | These were places where Japanese "nisei" and "issei" were forced to live as a result of the declaration of the Japanese as an "enemy race" in 1942. Detainees were forced to live in them for the duration of the war. |
| What was Executive Order 9066? | This was the executive order signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt the ordered the War Department to create military areas, which became Japanese Internment Camps. |
| What does the term "issei" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to first generation Japanese immigrants in the United States who had arrived before 1924. |
| List the names of five (5) states where Japanese Internment Camps were located. | Wyoming, Idaho, California, Colorado, and Utah. |
| What was the Supreme Court case "Korematsu vs. United States" related to? | This set of Supreme Court cases was a challenge to the practice of Japanese Internment during World War II. |
| What was the result of the Supreme Court cases "Korematsu vs. United States"? | This set of Supreme Court cases was dismissed after the War Department declared that there was no longer a "military necissity" for continuing the practice of Japanese Internment in late 1944. |
| What was the War Production Board? | This was the name of the government agency charged with ensuring the production of war materials during World War II. |
| Why did the U.S. government start selling Series E Bonds in 1942? | The U.S. government started doing this because they needed to raise more money to finance the war effort during World War II. Americans used them to save some money while also contributing to the war effort. |
| What does the term "Wehrmacht" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the German military. |
| What does the term "fortress Europe" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the "Nazi controlled territory at the heart of the (European) continent" during World War II. |
| What was the "Tehran Conference"? | This was a meeting of four Allied leaders in late 1943 during which wartime strategy was discussed including the eventual opening of a 2nd front along the coast of France & Soviet involvement in the war against Japan. |
| What was "Operation Overlord"? | This was the name given to the invasion of France by U.S. and British forces in June, 1944. |
| What does the term "D-Day" mean/refer to? | This term refers to the first stage of "Operation Overlord": the invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944 whose overall goal was to open a 2nd front against Nazi Germany during World War II. |
| What was the Battle of the Bulge? | This was a battle that took place between Nazi German and U.S forces in the Ardennes Forest near Bastogne, Belgium after D-Day. American troops were surrounded & cut off by Nazi forces but were liberated by tanks from Paris and won the battle. |
| What were Nazi "concentration camps"? | These were camps were Jews, Gypsies, political prisoners, & others deemed "undesirable" by the Nazi government were forced to live. Most were "death camps" whose goal was the mass execution of Jews. |
| When were the first Nazi "concentration camps" liberated and who liberated them? | The first liberation of these camps occured in 1945 by Russian troops. |
| Who took over as the President of the United States when President Franklin D. Roosevelt died in April, 1945? | Vice President Harry S. Truman became president after President Roosevelt's death. |
| What does the term "island hopping" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the U.S. military strategy of skipping some islands and only assaulting those that were considered important to the main objective of getting close enough to Japan to attack it with minimal fighting & maximum speed. |
| What tragedy occurred on the island of Saipan? | During fighting on this island, over 1,000 Japanese civilians and soldiers "jumped to their deaths from rocky cliffs rather than surrender". |
| What does the term "Kamikaze" mean/ refer to? | This was the name given to Japanese suicide planes that were used during sea battles vs. the U.S. Navy late in World War II. |
| Who were Navajo "Code Talkers"? | This was the name given to a group of native Navajo speakers who sent and received messages written in the Navajo language as a way to encrypt them from Axis - especially Japanese - translation. |
| What made the fighting on Iwo Jima so difficult? | Fighting conditions here were made more difficult due to volcanic sand that caused U.S. Marines to sink, making movement very slow. |
| What was the Manhattan Project? | This was the code name of the U.S. effort to develop an atomic bomb during World War II. |
| Who was Robert Oppenheimer? | He was a physicist who served as the scientific director of the Manhattan Project. |
| What occured at Hiroshima and Nagasaki? | These were the Japanese cities where the United States dropped atomic bombs which ultimately resulted in Japanese surrender and an end to World War II. |
| Where and when did the Japanese surrender that ended World War II take place? | This event took place onboard the U.S. battleship USS Missouri in early September, 1945. |
| What does the term "Enola Gay" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the name of the aircraft piloted by Air Force Colonel Paul Tibbets that dropped the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. |
| Who was Emperor Hirohito? | He was the Japanese emperor of Japan during World War II. He reigned from 1926 until his death in 1989. He was also the last emperor of Japan. |
| What was the Battle of Britain? | This was Germany's attempt to conquer Great Britain. It began and ended with the bombing of British cities, including London. |
| What was Operation Barbarossa? | This was Germany's code name for their attempt to conquer Russia. |
| List 3 countries that Adolf Hitler annexed/conquered before World War II officially began. | 1.) Austria; 2.) The Sudetenland; 3.) Czechoslovakia. |
| What was the result of Operation Barbarossa? | Germany was not able to conquer the Soviet Union and they were driven back to Germany's eastern front. |
| What was the result of the Battle of Britain? | Germany was not able to conquer Great Britain, so Adolf Hitler called off the attacks and began Operation Barbarossa instead. |
| What does the term "the Blitz" mean/ refer to where WWII history is concerned? | This term refers to the bombing of the city of London and other British cities that lasted for 8 months. |
| What did Adolf Hitler to during his "rise to power" to ensure that he would have plenty of soldiers to conquer other nations? | 1.) He paid German women for every child that they had; 2.) He made it mandatory for all German boys to attend camps and belong to the Hitler Youth to prepare them for life as soldiers. |
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