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History Midterm Exam
hope I don't fail
Term | Definition |
---|---|
embargo | government ban or restriction on trade |
impressment | policy of seizing people or property for military or public service happened during war |
clan | groups or families related through a common ancestor |
middle passage | the forced transport of enslaved persons from Africa to American from the 1500s to the 1800s |
conquistador | Spanish soldiers |
house of burgesses | representative assembly of colonial Virginia formed in 1619 first form of government in the colonies |
enlightenment | 18th century intellectual movement where European philosophers came to believe that all problems could be solved by reason and science |
great awakening | religious movement in the colonies during the 1730s and 40s, heavily inspired by evangelical preachers |
federalism | political system where power is shared between the national and state government |
separation of powers | powers of the government are divided between the executive, legislative and judicial branches |
check & balances | system in which each branch of the government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other branches |
monroe doctrine | declaration by President Monroe in 1823 that the US would oppose effort by outside powers to control a nation in the WH |
sedition act | 1798 law that allowed the prosecution of critics of the government, ppl were not allowed to criticize the government |
compromise of 1850 | agreement that tried to ease the tension over California becoming a free state, allowing other territories to decide on the issue of slavery |
freedmen's bureau | federal agency designed to aid to aid freed slaves and poor white farmers and relieve the south's immediate needs after the Civil War |
gettysburg address | speech by Lincoln where he dedicated a nation cemetery at Gettysburg and reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union was fighting for |
total war | war where a nation uses all of it's resources to destroy enemy troops and their resources |
sharecroppers | a farmer who farms someone else's land |
second great awakening | religious movement in the first half of the 1800s |
tariff | tax on imported goods |
monopoly | complete control over an industry by one person or company |
sharecropping | system where a farmer farms a portion of a planter's land and receives a share of the crop as a payment |
trust | a combination of corporations or firms bound by a legal agreement, used to reduce competition |
tenement | building divided into apartments to house several families, unsanitary conditions |
settlement house | community center organized to provide social services to the urban poor |
muckrakers | writer who uncovers and exposes conditions in factories |
gospel of wealth | Carnegie's doctrine calling for the wealthy to share their riches for the good of society |
angel island | island in San Francisco Bay that was an immigrant station for people from Asia |
ellis island | island in New York Harbor an immigrant station for many people, mainly Europeans |
political machines | a political organization where a boss or group commands the support a corps of supporters and businesses ? |
platt amendment | restricted rights of newly independent Cubans and brought the island into the US sphere |
foraker act | established a civil government in Puerto Rico |
selective service act | act that authorized a military draft for young men |
espionage act | act that allowed severe penalties to anyone in disloyal or treasonable activities banned certain paper materials |
insurrection | to rebel against US rule |
imperialism | policy where strong nations extend political, military, and economic control over weaker nations |
moral diplomacy | Woodrow Wilson statement that said the US would not force influence in the world but would instead work to promote human rights |
big stick diplomacy | depended on a strong military in order to get countries to do something |
social darwinism | statement that said life consists of competitive struggles and only the fittest survive |
jingoism | agressive nationalism |
causalities | soldiers killed, wounded, or missing during war |
influenza | a flu virus |
creditor nation | country which is owed more money by other countries that it owes other countries |
sphere's of influence | region dominated by an outside power |
western front | battlefront between the Allies and Central Powers during WWI |
mass production | rapid manufacture of large numbers of identical products |
bull market | period of rising stock market |
ku klux klan | organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups |
the jazz singer | first movie with sound synchronized to action |
scopes trail | 1925 trail of a Tennessee school teacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution |
a farewell to arms | novel by Ernest Hemingway |
prohibition | forbidding by law of the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol |
harlem renaissance | period during the 1920s where AA novelists, poets and artists celebrated their culture |
dawes plan | agreement where the US loaned money to Germany letting them pay France and Britian |
okies | term used to describe Dust Bowl refugees during the Great Depression |
speculation | practice of making high risk investments investments in hopes of obtaining large profits |
bonus army | WWI veterans marched in Washington DC in 1932 demanding early payment of a bonus promised to them by Congress |
federal art project | division of the works progress administration, hired unemployed artists to create artworks, it sponsored art education programs |
sit-down strike | labor protests where workers stop working and occupy the workplace until demands are met |
court packing scheme | FDRs plan to add up to 6 new Supreme Court members after court had ruled some New Deal legislation unconstitutional |
pump priming | economic theory that favored public work projects b/c the they put money into the hands of consumers, stimulating the economy |
welfare state | government assures responsibility for providing for the welfare of the poor, elderly, sick and unemployed |
works progress administration (WPA) | key ND program that provided work relief through various public works |
fireside chats | informational radio broadcasts were FDR explained issues and ND programs |
collective bargaining | allowed employees to negotiate wages and condition with employers |
social security | 1935 law that set up a pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance, and insurance for victims of work related activities |
business cycle | periodic growth and contraction of the economy |
tenant farmers | one who works land owned by another and pays rent in cash or in shares of produce |
trickle-down economics | theory that says that money lent to banks will trickle down to consumers |
black tuesday | October 29, 1929 stock prices fell sharply in the Great Cash |
James Madison | Designed the Virginia Plan. |
Christopher Columbus | Wanted to sail west to Asia, but ran into America instead |
Thomas Jefferson | drafted the Declaration of Independence |
George Washington | general during the American Revolution, first president |
Andrew Johnston | Lincoln's VP who fought with congress and was almost impeached |
Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote the anti-slavery novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin" |
Robert E. Lee | Confederacy general in civil war |
John Brown | white abolitionist who led a slave revolt and was later execution |
Vasco da Gama | portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. |
Andrew Jackson | common man president, sent NA's on trail of tears |
John D. Rockefeller | head of the oil monopoly |
Andrew Carnegie | head of the steel monopoly |
Ida B. Wells | AA journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, helped civil rights movement. |
Woodrow Wilson | 28th president supported moral diplomacy president during the war of 1812 got rid of the "triple wall of privilege" |
Margaret Sanger | opened first birth control clinic |
W. E. B. Du Bois | civil rights activist who wanted AAs to have equal rights immediately |
Gifford Pinchot | led the Division of Forestry in the US Department of Agriculture, recommended that land set aside be protected |
Booker T. Washington | civil rights activist who wanted AAs to have equal right eventually |
Henry Grady | call the south the "New South" after civil war and said the economy would be mixed |
Susan B. Anthony | women's rights activist |
Walter Rauschenbusch | reformer thought that Christianity should be the basis of social reform |
William Randolph Hearst | newspaper publisher that made public dislike the spanish government |
José Martà | cuban patriot launched the war for independence from spain |
William Howard Taft | governor of Philippines president liked dollar diplomacy |
Emilio Aguinaldo | defeated the Spanish army to gain independence for the Philippines |
John J. Pershing | sent to capture Pancho Villa, and a war general in WWI |
George Creel | director of Committee on Public Information |
Vladimir Lenin | Led the Russian Revolt |
Bernard Baruch | Wall street investment broker that headed the Council of National Defence |
Andrew Mellon | wealthy banker, the secretary of treasury |
Sigmund Freud | austrian psychologist who stressed the importance of the unconscious mind |
Langston Hughes | AA author who wrote about the pain and pride of being AA |
Herbert Hoover | president who believed that the government shouldn't be involved with the economy |
Mary McCloud Bethune | black cabinet member who worked to improve educational opportunities for AAs |
John Steinbeck | author who wrote The Grapes of Wrath |
Huey Long | senator from LA who opposed the ND and wanted a share of wealth response to the ND |
Douglas MacArthur | general sent by President Hoover to disperse the Bonus Army, he used tear gas and bayonets, and burnt the camps |
league of nations | world organization established after WWI to promote peaceful cooperation between countries |
red scare | fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life |
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