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History 8
Unfinished Nation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The first state to secede from the Union, in 1860, was | South Carolina |
In 1860 and 1861, President James Buchanan asserted | That the federal government had no authority to stop a state from seceding from the Union |
The Confederate States of America was formed | After Texas seceded from the Union |
The Crittenden Compromise found its greatest support in | Southern senators |
On April 14, 1861, Fort Sumter surrendered after | Confederate forces bombarded it |
All of the following slave states remained in the Union Except | Arkansas |
At the start of the Civil War, the | North had a much more substantial economy. |
The 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act was designed to help | Education |
Which of the following federally-chartered corporations did the Union create to build the transcontinental railroad? | Union Pacific and Central Pacific |
Taxes enacted by the United States Congress to help finance the Civil War | Included a new income tax |
During the Civil War, "greenbacks" issued by the federal government | Fluctuated in value depending on the fortunes of the Northern armies |
At the start of the Civil War, the armed forces of the United States | Saw many of its soldiers stationed in the West |
In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln realized that volunteer state militias | Would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union |
The Union's national draft law | Resulted in murderous attacks in New York City against free blacks |
In his capacity as commander in chief, President Abraham Lincoln | Increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress |
"Copperheads" were | Sometimes arrested on the order of President Lincoln |
In the election of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln | Faced a Democratic opponent who was a former Union general |
All of the following were "Radical Republicans" EXCEPT | Abraham Lincoln |
The Confiscation Act of 1861 | Declared that slaves used by Confederate states in the war effort were free. |
In the Emancipation Proclamation, President Abraham Lincoln declared freedom for slaves | in the parts of the Confederacy still in rebellion. |
African American soldiers in the Union | experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers. |
The United States Sanitary Commission | helped turn nursing into a female-dominated profession. |
Politically, the Confederate constitution | was almost identical in many respects to the Constitution of the United States. |
Prior to becoming president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis had | been regarded as a moderate on secession. |
Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis's leadership? | Davis attempted to strategize, make, and control all military decisions personally. |
In the Confederacy during the Civil War, | many Southerners resisted efforts by the Davis government to exert its authority. |
The Confederacy financed its war effort primarily through | Printing money |
Between 1861 and 1864, the cost of goods in the Confederacy rose by | 9,000 percent |
In the Confederacy, a military draft | aroused opposition from poorer whites for its expensive substitute policy. |
The wartime South saw | a significant decline in the production of goods. |
In the South in 1865, as a result of the Civil War, | there were more women than men in some states. |
The most important Union military commander was | Abraham Lincoln |
President Abraham Lincoln believed the main objective of the Union armies was to | Destroy Confederate armies |
General Ulysses S. Grant | thought the main Union effort should target enemy armies and resources. |
Which of the following statements about George B. McClellan is FALSE? | He originally served as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. |
The Union's Committee on the Conduct of the War | greatly interfered with the military chain of command and the conduct of the war. |
As president, Jefferson Davis | made clear to General Lee that he wanted to make all the basic war decisions. |
In the Civil War, at lower levels of military command, | amateur officers played important roles in both the Union and Confederate armies. |
In naval warfare during the Civil War, | both the Union and Confederate militarizes developed ironclads. |
As a supporter of land operations, the Union naval presence was particularly important on the | western rivers. |
In the course of the Civil War, | popular support for the Union was strong in England. |
In 1861, the so-called Trent affair | created an international diplomatic crisis for Abraham Lincoln. |
In the Civil War, the number of deaths for every 100,000 of the population was | 2,000 |
During the Civil War, as a result of new technology in weapons, | organized infantry did not fight in formation. |
Which of the following technologies was used, but did not play a major part in, the Civil War? | submarines |
During the Civil War, railroad transportation | in some ways acted to limit the mobility of armies. |
The U.S. Military Telegraph Corps was headed by Thomas Scott and what future tycoon? | Andrew Carnegie |
In 1861, the First Battle of Manassas | was a victory for the Confederates. |
The state admitted to the Union during the Civil War was | West Virginia. |
A major federal victory occurred in April 1862 when Union troops captured the city of | New Orleans. |
By the end of 1862, Union forces | All of these answers are correct |
The Peninsular campaign in 1862 | was an example of General McClellan's conservative approach to battle. |
The Battle of Antietam in 1862 | led President Abraham Lincoln to remove George McClellan from command. |
The prominent commander who was wounded in the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and subsequently died from pneumonia was | Thomas Jackson. |
The Battle of Vicksburg in 1863 | allowed the North to split the Confederacy in two. |
As the Battle of Vicksburg was ending, another major battle was taking place in | Gettysburg. |
The Battle of Gettysburg | represented the last time Confederate forces seriously threatened Union territory. |
In the Battle of Gettysburg, in order to reach dug-in Union forces, General George Pickett's division had to cross | Open country |
General Grant's Union forces attacked General Lee's Confederate forces in the month-long | Wilderness Campaing |
In 1864, General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea" | was designed in part to demoralize Southerners. |
Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House after | Lee recognized the futility of continued fighting. |
During the first half of the 19th century, the "cotton kingdom" | Was the dominant source of income for the Lower South |
By the time of the civil war, cotton constituted nearly how much of the total export trade of the United States | Two-thirds |
Which of the following statements about the Southern aristocratic ideas is false | Wealthy southern whites prided themselves on their egalitarianism |
The single strongest unifying factor of the pre-civil war southern whites was their | perception of white racial superiority |
Which of the following statements regarding slave life is true | After 1808, the proportion of blacks to whites in the nation steadily declined |
The most common form of resistance of slavery was | Subtle defiance |
which of the following is true of american slave families in the antebellum south? | up to one third of families were broken apart by the sale of family members |
the primary goal of the 1840's experiment known as brook farm was: | to permit all individuals to realize their full potential as individual beings |
one of the most enduring of the pre-civil war Utopian colonies was: | Oneida |
the Massachusetts reformer who built a national movement for new methods of treating the mentally ill was: | Dorothea Dix |
In the early 19th century, the American Colonization Society: | was founded by white Virginians opposed to slavery |
The southern failure to create a flourishing commercial or industrial economy was in part the result of | a set of values distinctive to the South that discouraged the growth of cities and industry. |
The most important economic development in the mid-nineteenth-century South was the | shift of economic power from the "upper South" to the "lower South." |
The expansion of southern agriculture from 1820 to 1860 was due to the expanded cultivation of | short-staple cotton in the Black Belt. |
The South in 1860, in contrast to 1800, had become | increasingly unlike the North and increasingly sensitive to criticism. |
A minority of southern whites owned slaves, | but the slave-holding planters exercised power and influence far in excess of their numbers. |
The South had a "colonial" economy in that | it produced raw materials and purchased finished products. |
According to the "cavalier" image, southern planters were | genteel aristocrats |
The southern concept of honor | resulted in the adoption of an elaborate code of chivalry. |
Most southern white "ladies" were | relatively isolated from people outside their own families. |
The typical white southerner was | a modest yeoman farmer |
Although most whites did not own slaves, most supported the plantation system because | it controlled the slaves, they had economic ties to it, slaveholder and non-slaveholder were often related, and they identified with fierce regional loyalties. |
The slave codes of the southern states | contained rigid provisions but were unevenly enforced. |
Slaves seemed to prefer to live on larger plantations because | they had more opportunities for privacy and for a social world of their own. |
Which of the following statements about southern slavery is true? | The majority of slave-owners were small farmers, but the majority of slaves lived on plantations of medium or large size. |
Slaves used music primarily | as a means of expressing their dreams and frustrations. |
African American religion | sometimes combined Christianity with traditional African religions. |
The historical debate over the nature of plantation slavery demonstrates | the extent to which historians are influenced by the times in which they write. |
In The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom (1976), Herbert Gutman argues that | the black family survived slavery with impressive strength. |
The only "successful" slave insurrection in the nineteenth-century South was led by | Nat Turner |
Black adaptation to slavery | produced a rich and complex culture in support of racial pride and unity. |
Slave families | consistently operated on the model of the "nuclear family." |
The reform movements of the first half of the nineteenth century reflected which of the following impulses? | an optimistic faith in human nature and a desire for control and order |
The most important and popular American painters of the early nineteenth century | considered untamed nature the best source of spiritual inspiration. |
The first great American novelist was | James Fenimore Cooper. |
Transcendentalists believed that | each individual should strive to "transcend" the limits of intellect and allow emotions to create an "original relation to the universe." |
In his essay "Resistance to Civil Government," Henry David Thoreau claimed an individual should | reject the artificial constraints of government. |
American utopians | attracted thousands of followers during the antebellum period. |
The Oneida Community | believed it liberated women from the demands of male "lust" and from traditional bonds of family |
Like other experiments in social organization of this era, Mormonism reflected | a belief in human perfectibility. |
Evangelical Protestantism added major strength to which of the following reforms? | temperance |
Each of the following was an example of new ideas about health in this era EXCEPT | reforms promulgated by city health boards to cure epidemics. |
The emphasis on educational reform was consistent with the spirit of the age because it | focused on teaching children the values of order and discipline. |
The creation of asylums | attempted to rehabilitate "unfit" people into useful citizens. |
As women in various reform movements confronted the problems they faced in a male- dominated society, they responded by | setting in motion the first important feminist movement. |
Which of the following groups was most involved in the feminist movement? | Quakers |
Educational reformers intended public schools to perform all of the following roles EXCEPT | to raise questions and criticisms of authority. |
After 1830, which of the following reform movements began to overshadow the others? | antislavery |
The most noted black abolitionist of the day was | Frederick Douglass |
Opponents of abolitionism in the North believed | all of these: abolitionists were dangerous radicals, and the movement would lead both to a war between the North and South and a great influx of free blacks into the North. |
"Immediate abolition gradually accomplished" was the slogan of | moderate antislavery forces |
Personal liberty laws | forbade state officials to assist in the capture and return of runaways. |
The movement that advocated keeping slavery out of the territories was known as the | free-soil movement. |
Throughout the North, black Americans | defended their freedom and responded eagerly to the cause of abolitionism. |
The creation of "asylums" for social deviants was an effort to | reform and rehabilitate the inmates. |
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