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Chapter 25 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. |
| Entrepreneur | People who organized and managed businesses |
| Enclosure movement | The movement of which farmers enclosed, or fenced in, public lands that villagers had once shared. |
| Domestic system | a system of manufacturing based upon work done at home on materials supplied by merchant employer |
| Factory system | Factories were built near water, large number of workers were brought under one roof, and managers began using division of labor. All these changes allowed the productivity of more quickly and efficiently. As well as cheaply. |
| Bessemer process | was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. |
| Standard of living | a general measure of quality of life. |
| Urbanization | growth of cities |
| Laissez Faire | "leave [business] alone" |
| Utopia | an ideal society |
| Communism | a form of complete socialism, in which all property and the means of production would be owned by the people |
| Proletariat | the wage-earning laborers. |
| Communist Manifesto | published by Marx and Engels in 1848, sounded the call for a working-class revolution. |
| Chartist movement | was a working class movement, which emerged in 1836 and was most active between 1838 and 1848. |
| Factory Act | to improve conditions for children working in factories. Young children were working very long hours in workplaces where conditions were often terrible. |
| Labor union | Organizations designed to represent workers' interests. |
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Molly Baumhoff
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