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The Roaring 20's
Roaring 20's
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Quota Acts | Also known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, the Quota Act was the first federal law to limit the immigration of Europeans to the United States. The law specified that no more than 3 % of the total number of immigrants from any specific country |
| Return to Normalcy | Presidential candidate Warren G. Harding's campaign promise in the election of 1920 to return to the way of life before World War I. |
| The Business of America is Business | A quote from Calvin Coolidge that reflects his idea that the government should interfere as little as possible with businesses. |
| A Chicken in Every Pot | Herbert Hoover's presidential campaign slogan for the 1928 election that said if he won there would be a chicken in every pot and that the American people would rebound from the beginnings of the Great Depression. |
| Women's Suffrage and the 19th Amendment | Ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted women the right to vote, a right also known as woman's suffrage. |
| Great Migration 1917-1920 | The movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that began during WW I and continued through the 1920s--cities such as Harlem, NY grew and flourished during this time. |
| Prohibition and the 18th Amendment | Ratified in 1920 and influenced by the prohibition movement, the 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcohol. |
| Nativism | An irrational prejudice against immigrants, and in favor of the native-born members of a particular culture. It is often associated with racism in that the targets of nativism typically belong to a different ethnic group than the perpetrators. |
| Modernism vs. Fundamentalism | Fundamentalism was a movement that arose in the early 20th century within American churches reacting against Modernist thought--Modernism emphasized science over the teachings of the Bible, and changed the social culture of the United States. |
| Ku Klux Klan | The racist group, popular in the Southern United States, that terrorized minorities. Saw a rebirth and massive growth in members in the post World War I years as nativism and hatred/fear of immigrants swept the United States during the 1920s. |
| Langston Hughes | Poet born in Missouri, and raised in Illinois by his grandmother. He wrote novels, short stories, plays, and was involved with the world of jazz. He wished to tell the stories of black America as they actually happened--associated w/Harlem Renaissance |
| Louis Armstrong | An American jazz trumpeter, singer, and one of the pivotal and most influential figures in jazz music and the Harlem Renaissance. Played at the Cotton Club and eventually moved into acting in Hollywood. |
| Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of St. Louis | An American aviator, author, inventor, military officer, explorer, and social activist. The airplane that was flown solo by "Lucky Lindy" on May 20–21, 1927, on the first non-stop flight from New York to Paris. |
| Amelia Earhart | An American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. From Atchison, Kansas. |
| A. Mitchell Palmer | Attorney General of the United States from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the "Palmer Raids" during the Red Scare of 1919-20. America's first "Commie Hunter". |
| Walt Disney | An American entrepreneur, cartoonist, animator, voice actor, and film producer who created Steamboat Willie, Mickey Mouse, etc. |
| Charlie Chaplin | An English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the silent era of movies. The Little Tramp became one of the most famous actors of the 1920s. |
| Al Capone | An American gangster who attained fame during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33 years old, and convicted of tax evasion and sent to Alcatraz. |
| Flappers | During the Prohibition era, a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and throwing off conventional standards of behavior. Considered the "modern woman" as she adopted much more liberal social behaviors (smoking,dancing,drinking). |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | During the Red Scare-convicted of murdering two men while robbing a shoe factory, although the arguments against them were dis-proven in court the fact that the two men were known radicals and immigrants prejudiced the judge and jury against them. |
| Henry Ford and the Assembly Line | An American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production--used first on the automobile--Model T Ford--came in one color (Black) |
| Harlem and The Cotton Club (Jazz Revolution) | Jazz club that was the center of the New York City night club scene located first in the Harlem neighborhood and then in the midtown Theater District where African American artists preformed. |
| Organized Crime | A category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals (typically in large cities), who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit. |
| Marcus Garvey and the UNIA | Became a leader in the black nationalist movement, his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) advocated a back to Africa movement and a radical approach to race relations. |
| Bootlegging | the making, distributing, or selling of alcohol illegally during the Prohibition era |
| KDKA and the first Radio Broadcast | This was created by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1920, it is the world's first commercial radio station that led to the rise of radio in America. |
| Palmer Raids | A series of raids in late 1919 and early 1920 by the United States Department of Justice intended to capture, arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. |
| Scopes Trial | Took place in Dayton, TN... a teacher violated State law which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. was found guilty, but the verdict was overturned on a technicality...pitted science against religion in the Twenties |
| First Red Scare | A period following World War I in the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism (Communism) and anarchism, due to real and imagined events. Lenin's promotion of the overthrow of capitalism and the rise of Communism helped fuel this event. |
| Red Summer, 1919 | The race riots that occurred in more than three dozen cities in the United States during the summer and early autumn of 1919. In most instances, whites attacked African Americans. Dozens died in during this period--began in Chicago and spread nationwide. |
| Harlem Renaissance | The cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, after WWI. During this period this city was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | After President Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior, Albert Fall secretly granted Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome reserves in Wyoming. |
| Speakeasies | Locations where people partied and consumed bootlegged alcohol. |
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