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Colonies
Southern, Middle, and New England colonies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| subsistence farming | Self-sufficient farming; people often grew food on them to feed their family |
| export | Send goods to another country for sale |
| import | Receiving goods exported from another country |
| royal colony | A colony that the British government controlled |
| proprietary colony | A type of British colony; the king owned the land |
| triangular trade | Shipping goods from Britain to West Africa for slaves. The slaves were then traded to the West Indies in exchange for goods. The goods were then brought to Britain. |
| frontier | A border separating two countries |
| meeting house | A Quaker place of worship |
| apprentice | A person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a fixed period at low wages |
| naval stores | Goods used in building and maintaining ships |
| patroon | A person given land and granted certain privileges regarding land in England under the former Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey |
| Great Migration | The movement of 6 million African Americans out of the Southern colonies |
| conestoga wagon | An invention that was used to help farmers transport their crops |
| commonwealth | An independent country or community; often democratic or republic |
| cash crop | A farm product to be sold |
| Puritans | A group of English reformed protestants that wanted the Church to reform |
| Constitution | Fundamental principles according that a state or other organization is governed by |
| separatist | Someone who withdraws or supports withdrawal from the Church |
| fundamental order of Connecticut | Orders that describe the government and structure of the colony of Connecticut. |
| pilgrims | People who journey to a sacred place for religious reasons |
| tolerance | Accepting something, esp. religion |
| Mayflower Compact | The first governing document of the Plymouth colony; it was written by separatists later known as Pilgrims |
| pacifists | People who believe that war and violence are unjustifiable |
| mercantilism | Belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism |
| toleration act | A law where anyone who believed in Jesus Christ could freely worship in Maryland colony |
| Quakers | A group of religious people in the Pennsylvania colony. |
| indigo | A purple/blue cash crop that was used as dye and medicine in the Southern colonies |
| urban | Life centered in cities |
| rural | Life centered around small towns |
| artisan | A worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand |
| tidewater | Water brought or affected by tides |
| plantations | A large piece of land where a specific crop is grown in large amounts |
| joint-stock company | Business where stocks are traded |
| middle passage | The stage in triangular trade where Africans were shipped to the New World |
| indentured servants | Young people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years |
| slave codes | Sets of laws that defined the status of slaves and the rights/responsibility of slave owners |
| backcountry | The Southerners' way of saying the land near the Middle colonies frontier and the Appalachian Mountains that wasn't good for farming |
| charter | A document that was used to define a country's rights/priviledges |
| The Southern Colonies | Virginia, Maryland, North & South Carolina, Georgia |
| The Middle Colonies | New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania |
| The New England Colonies | Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut |
| Metacomet | King Philip; complex relationship with the colonists |
| Anne Hutchinson | Puritan spiritual advisor |
| Samoset | First Native American to make contact with the pilgrims of the Plymouth colony |
| Squanto | Native American that helped the Pilgrims from Massachusetts |
| Pocahontas | Virginian Indian who married John Rolfe and befriended John Smith and the Jamestown colony |
| Powhatan | A Native American Group in Virginia; complex relationship with English settlers |
| John Rolfe | One of the early English settlers in North America; married Pocahontas |
| Henry Hudson | English sea explorer and navigator; died because of mutiny |
| 8 aristocrats | Wealthy people |
| James Oglethorpe | British general who founded the colony of Georgia |
| John Smith | English explorer, author, and soldier; leader of Jamestown (Virginia Colony) |
| Peter Minuit | Founder of Colony of Delaware |
| Peter Stuyvesant | Last general for the colony of New Netherlands (which was later renamed New York) |
| James Duke of York | James II; king of England |
| John Mason | English army major who migrated to New England; Moved to what would later become the Connecticut Colony |
| Ferdinando Gorges | "Father of English Colonization in North America"; founder of province of Maine |
| John Carver | Wrote the Mayflower Compact; first governor of New Plymouth Colony |
| William Bradford | English Separatist leader; signed Mayflower Compact and went on Mayflower |
| John Winthrop | A wealthy English Puritan lawyer; helped found the Massachusetts colony |
| Roger Williams | An English Puritan; an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of Church and State |
| Thomas Hooker | An early Puritan colonial leader; founded the colony of Connecticut |
| Dutch | People with origins from Germany or the Netherlands |
| John Berkeley | An English royalist soldier; closely associated with James Duke of York; one of the founders of the New Jersey colony |
| George Carteret | A town in North Carolina and a town in New Jersey are named after him |
| William Penn | An early Quaker and the founder of the colony of Pennsylvania |
| Cecil Calvert | First governor of province of Maryland; received Maryland after his father's death |
| Nathaniel Bacon | Famous for his rebellion, where he burnt down parts of Jamestown (in the Virginia colony); colonist of Virginia |
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