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US History Chap 5/6
Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dawes Act | An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism |
| Homestead Act | 1862 - provided free land in the west as long as the person would settle there and make improvements in five years |
| time zones | the division of the continent into four sections each with a time staggered by one hour. Used to counteract the organizational nightmare that varied local times supplied to operators. |
| Ghost Dance | Holy Man believed this dance would bring back the buffalo and return Native Americans to their land |
| Long Drives | drove herds over unfenced plains towards railroads, they graze on free government grass |
| Robber Barons | industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages Pushed competitors out of business selling products cheaper than cost to produce it. When they controlled the market, they hiked prices high |
| Triangle Shirtwaist factory | Disaster forced state and national attention on working conditions in factories and stores |
| Collective Bargaining | negotiations between labor unions (workers) and management for better working conditions/pay/hours |
| horizontal integration | when one company owns other companies involved in the same business. |
| vertical integration | Carnegie used this to control costs and therefor increase profits-- he acquired companies that provided materials and services upon which his enterprises depended |
| monopoly | a trust that gains exclusive control of an industry. |
| trust | a group of companies that turn control of their stock over to a board of directors. The directors than run the companies as a single enterprise. |
| Social Darwinism | theory that sought to apply the biological principles of natural selection and evolution to society. |
| philanthropy | charitable efforts to promote public welfare |
| Knights of Labor | One of the earliest national unions founded in 1869 that consisted of skilled and unskilled workers. |
| Gospel of Wealth | This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy. |
| American Federation of Labor | an association of self-governing national unions formed in 1886; brainchild of Samuel Gompers. Attempted to speak for all workers but did not represent all of them, leaving unskilled workers to fend for themselves. |
| Assimilation | Process of converting Native Americans into Euro-Americans through education, farming, religion, dress/appearance, language, and housing. |
| Morrill Act 1862 and 1890 -- | gave federal land to the states to help finance colleges |
| Farmers' Alliance | Occurred in the south/great plains. Small farmers got together to fight against merchants, RRs, and the wealthy. Leaders traveled to lecture/recruit. This promoted loyalty and agricultural education. Women were involved, and Blacks formed their own |
| Populism | Family farmers' political party; against the illegal practices of the railroads and big business |
| bimetallism | A monetary system in which the government would give citizens either gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks |
| The Grange | enhanced the lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities; the Grangers gradually raised their goals from individual self-improvement of the farmer' collective plight |
| Gold Standard Act of 1900 | provided that paper currency be redeemed freely in gold only; caused the Populists to fade away |
| The Chisholm Trail | The Chisholm Trail was a trail used in the late 19th century to drive cattle overland from ranches in Texas to Kansas railheads |
| Soddy | a home built of blocks of turf |
| Life of Cowboy | Not like Hollywood Hard work, long hours low pay. Many were civil war vets African Americans and Mexicans |
| Significance of Buffalo | Native Americans dependent on white settlers and railroads decimated herd. More than for meat, clothing, tools etc |
| Union Pacific Railroad | A railroad, commissioned by Congress, that started in Omaha, and it connected with the Central Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, UTAH |
| Central Pacific Railroad | A railroad that started in Sacramento , and connected with the Union Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, UTAH |
| Consumerism | Buying wants not just needs. came after technology made life "easier" not all time spent surviving |
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