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SOC TEST 1 2020
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian Sociology Unit Test #1 - Foundations 2020
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Sociology? | The systematic study of human society and social interactions. |
| What does the term "sociological imagination" mean? | This term means "the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society". |
| Who was C. Wright Mills? | The sociologist who devised the term "sociological imagination". |
| Who was Emile Durkheim? | He was a French scholar who studied suicide in the late 1900's. |
| How did Karl Marx explain history in modern societies? | He believed that "conflict - especially class conflict - is necessary in order to produce social change and a better society". |
| List the five (5) Sociological Perspectives we read and talked about in class? | 1. Functionalist perspective 2. Conflict perspective 3. Symbolic Interactionist perspective 4. Feminist Perspective, and 5. Postmodern Perspective. |
| How do Functionalists view human life? | They say that human life is a system whose parts are interdependent, meaning. changes in one element means changes in every other element. |
| How do Conflict Theorists view human life? | They view society as an "arena" in which groups struggle with each other to obtain scarce and valuable resources. |
| How do Symbolic Interactionists view human life? | They study specific cases of how individual people behave in particular face - to - face interactions. |
| Why can we say that the Conflict perspective is macrosociological? | We can say this because it focuses on struggles between various groups and institutions in society. |
| Why can we say that the Functionalist perspective is macrosociological? | We can say this because it focuses on how systems or groups in society are interconnected (like a "web") and change in one system brings changes to other systems. |
| Why can we say that the Symbolic Interactionist perspective is a microsociological perspective? | This theory is microsociological because it focuses on specific cases of how individual people behave in face - to - face interactions. |
| Which Sociological Theorist used the term "verstehen" and what does it refer to? | Max Weber came up with this term. It means "understanding" or "insight". It refers to gaining the ability to see the world as others see it. |
| What is "Social Darwinism"? | This is the idea that only the "fittest" or "strongest" societies survive. |
| What does the term "anomie" refer to and who came up with it? | Emile Durkheim devised this term. It refers to "a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society". |
| Where was the first school of Sociology established in the United States? | It was established at the University of Chicago. |
| Who was Jane Addams? | The person who founded Hull House in Chicago, a famous social agency, where she worked directly with the poorest "slum dwellers" of the city. |
| Give an example of a "social institution". | One example of this is the educational system/ schools. |
| Who was Harriett Martineau? | She was a British sociologist who was "committed to creating a science of society that would be grounded in empirical observations (i.e. recording and analyzing date) and widely accessible to the people". |
| What does the Postmodernist perspective state about society? | This theory states that "existing theories have been unsuccessful in explaining social life in contemporary societies that are characterized by postindustrialization, consumerism, and global communications". |
| List the two (2) assumptions that Postmodernists make that we discussed in class. | 1.) Rapid social change that occurs as societies move from modern to postmodern conditions has a harmful effect on people; 2.) Postmodern societies are characterized by an information explosion. |
| What is the basis of the Feminist perspective? | This perspective is based on the idea that "women and men are equal and should be equally valued as well as have equal rights". |
| Why do some Sociologists believe that Harriett Martineau was the first sociologist, not Auguste Comte? | Some sociologists believe this because Harriett Martineau was the first to use the scientific method to conduct a sociological study and analyze the data for comparison purposes. (Class notes.) |
| What were the 3 stages of moral development that Carol Gilligan identified in her Stages of the Ethics of Care theory? | 1. Pre-conventional; 2. Conventional; 3. Post-Conventional (Class notes.) |
| List two (2) facts that relate to the first stage of Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care theory. | 1.) Girls in this stage of moral development base their decisions on the need to survive; 2.) Girls in this stage are also focused on meeting their own needs before meeting others' needs. (Class notes.) |
| List two (2) facts that relate to the second stage of Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care theory. | 1.) Women in this stage of moral development believe that "there is good in self-sacrifice"; 2.) Women in this stage also gain a sense of satisfaction from positive feelings they gain when they help others meet their basic needs. (Class notes.) |
| List two (2) facts that relate to the third stage of Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care theory. | 1.) Women in this stage of moral development have a preference for non-violence; 2.) Women in this stage also believe that people should be able to get their needs met without hurting each other. (Class notes.) |
| Which of the sociological theories that we learned about in this unit are "macro" level theories? | Functionalist, Conflict, and Post-modernist theories are all "macro" level theories. (Chart, pg. 29) |
| Which of the sociological theories that we learned about in this unit are "micro" level theories? | Feminist and Post-modernist theories are "micro" level theories. (Chart, pg. 29) |
| What does the term "social stratification" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups based on their control over basic resources". |
| Who was W.E.B. DuBois and how does he relate to sociology? | He founded the 2nd department of sociology in the U.S. at Atlanta University. |
| What would sociologists who believe in the "functionalist" theory say is the reason that Anderson, Indiana is experiencing the top 2 "social problems" it is having? | Functionalists would say that citizens in Anderson, Indiana are experiencing these "social problems" because the economy - a vital part of society - broke down/failed in the 1970's & '80's. This caused other social systems & institutions to break down too |
| What would sociologists who believe in the "conflict theory" say is the reason that Anderson, Indiana is experiencing the top 2 "social problems" it is having? | Conflict theorists would state that factory owners chose to move their factories to southern states where they could hire workers at a much lower hourly pay rate, leaving former factory workers in Anderson to fend for themselves. |
| What does the term "positivism" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to Auguste Comte's idea that the best way to understand the world is by using the scientific method. |
| Who was George Herbert Mead? | He is considered the founder of the Symbolic Interactionist perspective of Sociology. |
| What does the term "Looking Glass Self" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the idea that a person will view themselves as they think that others view them - whether their assumption is true or not. |
| What is one (1) metaphor that can be used when explaining how Structural Functionalists view the world? | This world view can be explained using the metaphor of a car. If one part of the engine breaks down, the car will not function. This groups applies the same principle to society and its parts. |
| What does the term "manifest functions" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "functions that are not intended and/or overtly recognized by the participants in a social unit". |
| What does the term "latent functions" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "unintended functions that are hidden and remain unacknowledged by participants". |
| What does the term "dysfunction" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the undesirable consequences of any element of a society". |
| What is one (1) example of "manifest functions"? | One example of this is when schools transmit knowledge and skills to students. (Knowledge transmission is a primary - or manifest - function of schools.) |
| What is one (1) example of "latent functions"? | One example of this is when students build social networks while in school. (Making friends is a secondary - or "latent" - function of schools.) |
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