Oral Oncology Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What portion of overall cancer in dogs is found in the mouth? In cats? | 6% in dogs 3% in cats |
What is the rate of metastasis of oral fibrosarcoma? Where does it most commonly metastasize to? | <20% lungs are most common regional lymph node are rare |
What is the local behavior of oral fibrosarcoma in general? | invasive |
What proportion of oral melanoma tumors are amelanotic? | about 1/3 |
What is the metastatic behavior of oral melanoma? Where does it tend to metastasize? | strong predilection to met most commonly to lymph nodes, then to lungs |
What factors determine the metastatic rate of oral melanoma? | site, size, and grade of tumor |
What is the most common feline oral malignancy? | SCC |
To what degree does oral SCC usually invade bone? | highly invasive |
What is the most influential factor on metastatic rate of oral SCC? | location: low metastatic rate in rostral oral cavity high met rate in caudal oral cavity/tonsils |
What is the typical appearance of a "traditional epulis"? | similar to gingival hyperplasia, confined to one or two sites at gum margin. slow growing, firm, covered by intact epithelium firmly attached or pedunculated |
What is an odontogenic tumor? | arises from cellular components of developing tooth structure |
What are 3 basic categories of odontogenic tumors and cysts? | 1. epithelial 2. mesenchymal 3. mixed |
Do Acantomatous epulides metastasize? | No (Withrow SA Clinical Oncology text p.307) |
What is the most common benign mass in the mouth and from which tissue does it arise? | epulis arises from the PDL |
What are 4 types of epulides? | 1. fibrous 2. ossifying 3. acanthomatous 4. giant cell |
What is another term for ossifying epulis? | Peripheral odonontogenic fibroma |
What is the difference between a fibromatous epulis and an ossifying epulis? | the latter is composed of an osteoid matrix |
What are 3 alternative names for an acanthomatous epulis? | 1. adamantinoma 2. basal cell carcinoma 3. acanthomatous ameloblastoma |
Why are acanthomatous epulides considered benign neoplasia? | do not metastasize |
What is the most common invasive tumor of the dog jaw? | acanthomatous epulis |
What is a giant cell epulis? How is it differentiated from acanthomatous epulis? | similar to acanthomatous type but not quite as aggressive. histopathology |
What is the most common tumor of dental laminar epitheliuman? | ameloblastoma |
What is the common appearance of ameloblastoma? | soft and fleshy on gingival surface. May extend much deepier into bone. Slow growing. May be solid but often shows multiple cystic structures |
What is the definition of a benign tumor? | considered to be nonmalignant: don not destroy tissues from which they originate or spread to other parts of the body |
What is the definition of a malignant tumor? | demonstrate uncontrollable growth and destructive growth pattern of the tissues of origin and may exhibit a metastasis or dissemination to other parts of the body |
Is an acanthomatous ameloblastoma benign or malignant? | benign but locally invasive |
What is the definition of neoplasia? | abnormal growth of a tissue into a tumor that is not responsive to normal control mechanisms: may be benign or malignant |
What is cancer? | malignant neoplasia |
What is the radiographic diagnostic threshold for most standard radiographic detection (i.e. pulmonary mets)? | <0.5-1.0 cm |
What degree of bony lysis must occur before radiolucency will be radiographically apparent? | 40% ....so 'normal' rads do not rule out bone invasion |
Why is it important to obtain an large biopsy specimen of oral tumors? | because they are often infected, inflamed, and/or necrotic, which will interfere with achieving a representative sample |
What is the recommended margin of normal tissue for surgical resection of malignant oral tumors such as SCC, MM, FSA? | 2 cm |
What are the 3 most commonly employed therapeutic modalities for oral neoplasia? | 1. surgery 2. radiation 3. cryosurgery |
For which tumors might cryosurgery be effective therapy? | lesions < 2 cm diameter that are fixed or minimaly invasive into bone |
What is the most common oral neoplasm in dogs? | melanoma |
What is the second most common oral neoplasm in dogs? | SCC tied with FSA |
What is the most common oral neoplasm in cats? | SCC |
In what age group of dogs does fibrosarcoma metastasize more readily? | young dogs |
In which jaw (upper vs. lower) are FSA most commonly seen? | maxilla |
What oral neoplasm appears histologically similar to Acanthomatous epulis? | SCC |
What is the response rate of acanthomatous epulides to radiation therapy? | excellent |
What is the difference between acanthomatous epulis and ameloblastoma/adamantinoma? | Acanthomatous epulis: origin is PDL Ameloblastoma: origin is dental laminar epithelium |
How do SCC of the tongue typically behave? | Similar to tonsilar SCC (aggressive) |
How do melanoma tumors of the tongue typically behave? | lower rate of metastasis and better than expected local control compared to other oral locations |
Why might tepoxalin have therapeutic benefit in cats with oral SCC? Am J Vet Res 2011 Oct | feline oral SCC cells produce 5-lipoxygenases. tepoxalin inhibits 5-lipoxegenase and induces cellular apoptosis |
which cells are thought to be a source for development of epithelial odontogenic tumors? JVD summer 2007 | rests of Mallasez (remnants of the epithelial layer of hertwig's rooth sheath) |
What is the most commonly reported odontogenic tumor in cattle? JVD winter 2013 | ameloblastic fibro-odontoma |
What is the most common form of ameloblastoma? | solid, multicystic |
What defining features are pathopneumonic for odontogenic myxoma in horses? | characteristic appearance of a well-defined mass with involvement of unerupted teeth or dental precursors creates a pathognomonic feature of odontogenic myxoma (Fjordbakk 2015) |
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lamarron
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