Soft Tissue Healing Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What are the 3 types of inflammation | Acute, Chronic, and Systemic |
What is the name for inflammed lymph nodes which can lead to recurrent microtrauma or persistent irritation from foreign may lead to chronic inflammation? | Lymphadenitis |
What are inflamed lymph vessels associated with systemic inflammation? | Lymphangitis |
What is vasodilation, increased vascualr permeability, increased blood viscosity and decreased lymphatice drainage? | Vascular Changes |
What involves cells to increase in diameter and increased blood flow? | Vasodilation |
What vascular change allows cells to pass through? | Increased vascular permeability |
What vascular change is happening when blood is thickened? | Increased blood viscosity |
What results when blood flow is regulated, localized and there is a prevention of the inflammation from spreading? | Decreased lymphatic drainage |
What is an important point for inflammation? | To create a favorable healing environment and kill dead tissue and microorganisms. |
How do cells call for help? | Chemical Mediators |
What is a non specific defense where the amount of exudate will exceed lymphatic drainage? | Decreased lymphatic flow |
What do mast cells release? | Histamine |
What is the way that white blood cells enter? | Through intercellular gaps |
What are hyperthermia, erythema, edema, loss of function and pain? | The 5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation |
What happens when the tissue starts to die? | Decrease in local circulation |
What is involved in an innate defense system? | Non specific defense, skin, mucous and it is a 2nd line of defense (WBCs) |
When there is a specifice response and a persistent pathogen, what is the defense system called? | Adaptive defense system |
What are the steps of cellular response?Step 1: hemopoiesis | Hemopoiesis, leukocytosis, and accumulation of leukocytes at injury site. |
What is the name of the process when white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow? | Hemopoiesis |
The release of white blood cells from bone marrow is called?Step | Leukocytosis |
What is the most abundant leukocyte | Neutrophils |
What are the steps in leukocyte activity? | Margination, adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. |
What is happening when leukocytes are accumulating along the vascular wall? | Margination |
Leukocytes attach themselves to the vascular wall with chemical mediators and adhesion molecules and this is called... | Adhesion |
Movement of the leukocytes throught hte intercellular gaps (endothilial cells)into the interstitial space is called? | Emigration |
Leukocytes have an attraction only to the injured site, what is this called? | Chemotaxis |
Which leukocytes are involved in phagocytosis? | Polymorphonuclear and mononuclear |
What is involved in phagocytosis? | Eating the debris and dead cells |
What is the purpose of phagocytosis? | To prepare for fibroplasia |
There are 4 steps of phagocytic activity, what are they? | Recognition, engulfment, and degradation |
What do dead leukocytes turn into? | Pus |
What happens after 3 to 4 days after acute inflammation and the leukocytes have destroyed foreign agents, allowing for a promising healing environment? | Subacute Inflammation |
What are the main phagocytic cells? | Mononuclear leukocytes |
What are enlarge-macrophages | Monocytes |
What is the duration of subacute inflammation? | 2 weeks |
When an injury is not treated properly or the body doesn't do what it needs to do? | Chronic Inflammation |
What are some examples of chronic inflammation? | Tendonitis, Bursitis |
What are some characteristics of chronic inflammation? | Gradual onset; persistent inflammation and Continuous presence of macrophages, increased number of lymphocytes |
What is a prime example of a tell tale sign of chronic inflammation? | Continuous presence of macrophages, increased number of lymphocytes |
Lymphocytes are involved in... | Lymph nodes, spleen, blood, Nonphagocytic cells, Specific defenses,Antigens,Respond/recognize only specific antigens, B and T cells |
What is the capability of cellular immunity? | To regulate B cells |
The change into plasma cell which produce antibodies is called? | Differentiation of B cells |
What is the function of the antibodies in humoral immunity? | To destroy the antigen |
What is the main difference between humoral and cellular immunity? | Cellular immunity does not need to produce antibodies. |
What is the formation of scar tissue via proliferation of fibroblasts, collagen synthesis, formation of granulation tissue, wound contraction, and dense fibrous scar formation? | Fybroplasia |
Connective tissue cells produce collagen, healthy tissue: synthesize collagen, and the injured tissue:synthesizes increase dramatically...what are they called? | Fibroblasts |
Name this process: 1) Macrophages release a chemical mediator attracting fibroblasts to injury site 2) Fibroblasts entwine themselves at the site of the blood clot 3) In position to develop new tissue matrix 4)Occurs within 48 hours after injury | Proliferation of Fibroblasts |
What does edema do during vascular changes? | Transudate and exudate |
Collagen Synthesis is.... | Crucial to strength |
What is collagen fiber formation called? | Fibrogenesis |
The following are functions of what level?Formation of 3 polypeptide alpha chains Forms the procallogen molecule | Cellular Level |
What is involved in the formation of 3 polypeptide alpha chains? | Amino acids, Chemical makeup will determine the type of collagen to be formed, fibrillar collagens |
When edema exudates and blood cells, proteins cause an increase in blood viscosity, what do the white blood cells do? | Start to clean up the area which leads to cellular response and phagocytic activity begins. |
What do tropocollagen molecules that bind together form? | Fibrils, which are covalent bonds |
As the fibrils form a bundle a fiber is formed, what is this called? | Collagen fibers |
What is the basic unit of a collagen fiber? | Tropollagen |
Binding of the various molecules and fibers via hydrogen or covalent bonds is what determines the strength of the collagen bundles, what happens if these bonds and/or crosslinks are damaged? | Leads to a dramatice decrease in the tensile strength of the structure |
What is some of the activity that happens during Type III Collagen Formation? | They begin to deposit at the injury site within 24 hours, and is the primary piece of granulation tissue. |
What occurs at the same time of Type III collagen formation? | Vascular network formation |
The branching of new capillaries is called? | Endothelial budding |
What is the creation of new blood cells? | Angiogenesis |
What is the color of the wound during vasculare network formation? | Pink |
In the last stage of formation of granulation tissue, developing blood vessels begin to branch out and connect, creating a new vascular supply in the new tissue matrix:anastomose, branching out occurs @ the same time type III collagen fibers are created, | Neovascularization |
What does neovascularization aid in? | Lymphatic drainage |
When do the specialized myofibroblasts show up? | Within 4 days |
When does wound contraction peak? | After 2 weeks |
The following characteristize? 1) Specialized connective tissue cells 2) Contractile properties 3) Appear within 4 days of trauma 4) Active druing granulation tissue formation | Myofibroblasts |
Myofibroblasts connect with the new tissue and then.... | Pulls the tissue closer together |
Going from type III to type I leaves what type of scar? | Avascular |
Do scars have the same structural properties as normal/uninjured connective tissue? | No |
The following steps describe what? 1) Transition from Type III to Type I collagen 2) Increase in collagen deposition 3) Resorption of blood vessels | Fibrosis |
What is the formation that the following describes? 1) tensile strength take over Type III 2) After 1 week 3) Due to an increase # of crosslinks 4) Major element in connective tissue matrix 5) Transition from granulation tissue to normalcy | Type I collagen formation |
When can the wound go into the 3rd stage? | After enough collagen is laid down and the number of fibroblasts decreases |
About 3 weeks after the injury, this process occurs.... | Scar Maturation |
What aids in Wolf's Law? | Rehab and massage |
When synthesis and lysis are equal and the structure is maintained, the end of fibroplasia and the fibroblasts and collagen sysnthesis decreases. This describes.... | Collagen Turnover |
The following are character of? 1)Strength increases faster than the rate of collagen synthesis 2)Develop of cross-links within and between collagen molecules 3) A more dense,less pliable scar 4) Intralinksin fiber 5) Interlinksbetween the fiber | Collagen Cross-Links |
Describe Wolf's Law: | Alignment of Collagen fibers to provide the greatest amount of resistance. Strength deficit 30 to 50% if not strengthened can lead to chronic instability |
What is Specific Adaptation to Impose Demands? | The SAID principle |
The following is the healing response for? (I) 48 to 72 hours (F) 6-8 weeks (S) 20-30 months | Ligament |
The following is the healing response for? (I) 48 to 72 hours (F) 4-8 weeks (S) 12 weeks | Muscles |
The following is the healing response for? (I) 48 to 72 hours (F) 4-6 weeks (S) 12-20 weeks | Tendon |
The following is the healing response for? (I) 2-7 days (F) 1" per month (S) Up to a year | Nerves |
The following is the healing response for? (I) 48 to 72 hours (F) 6 months (S) 2 years | Articular Cartilage |
During this process _____ 1) Chronic inflammation 2) Foreign agent/material 3) Granuloma formation 4) Fibroplasia begins before chronic inflammation is complete 5) Collagen may surround the granulomas 6) gGranulomatosis | Granulomatous Inflammation |
The following describes... 1) Myofibers: 2) Endomysium: 3) Regeneration and repair are competing processes 4) Extent of injury will determine what structures are damaged 5) Scar tissue laid down via the damaged endomysium interrupts the regenerat | Retardation of Muscle Fiber |
What are abnormal shortening of a tissue and causes a decrease in range of motion? | Contractures |
How long does acute inflammation last? | 3 to 4 days |
How long does subacute inflammation last? | 2 weeks |
Created by:
dmart171
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